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PCE > CR - Conditions cards By Ptdi > Flashcards

CR - Conditions cards By Ptdi Flashcards

1
Q

Obstructive Lung Disease

A

Respiratory disorder(s) characterized by increased airway resistance and obstruction affecting expiratory airflow

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2
Q

Which conditions are considered obstructive lung diseases?

A

Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma, Bronchiectasis (most of the time)

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3
Q

Restrictive Lung Disease

A

A disease that restrict the lung from expanding fully

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4
Q

Auscultation findings for patient with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Late fine dry inspiratory crackles

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5
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

A

Productive cough on most days for 3 months/year for 2 consecutive years (provided other conditions have been ruled out).

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6
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

An attack of severe shortness of breath that occurs at night

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7
Q

Granuloma

A

A collection of inflammatory cells that form lumps

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8
Q

Atelectasis

A

Collapse of alveoli or lung tissue

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9
Q

Which condition leads to destruction of the walls of the alveoli

A

Emphysema

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10
Q

Auscultation findings for patient with bronchiectasis

A

Decreased BS, wheezing, possible coarse crackles

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11
Q

Which condition presents with an abnormal collection of fluid in the pleural space

A

Pleural Effusion

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12
Q

Auscultation findings for patient with atelectasis

A

Decreased BS or absent, fine dry inspiratory crackles

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13
Q

X-ray finding(s) for a patient with chronic bronchitis

A

Cardiomegaly, white haziness

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14
Q

What is the fluid appearance in transudative pleural effusion?

A

Fluid is clear and has very few proteins

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15
Q

Which condition(s) taught in the course can present with fluid in the lungs?

A

Pulmonary Edema and ARDS

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16
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A

A syndrome characterized by impairment in the hearts pump function

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17
Q

The characteristic appearance of a patient with emphysema

A

Thin and wasted “pink puffer”

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18
Q

Sputum characteristics of a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema

A

Pink frothy sputum

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19
Q

X-ray finding(s) for a patient with ARDS

A

Patchy infiltrate (opacities) in periphery of lungs + whatever you see in pulmonary edema

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20
Q

Sarcoidosis

A

A disease involving granuloma development in the lungs, skin, lymph nodes and other organs

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21
Q

Orthopnea

A

Increased shortness of breath when lying down

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22
Q

At what level does the innervation of the abdominal wall begin?

A

T6

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23
Q

Which condition is associated with copious amounts of thick secretions?

A

Cystic Fibrosis

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24
Q

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

A

An acute lung injury which is characterized by respiratory distress, severe hypoxemia, and increased permeability of the alveolar-capillar membrane

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25
Q

Which condition(s) may present with a barrel chest?

A

Emphysema and Cystic Fibrosis

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26
Q

X ray finding for pt w pneumothorax

A

Blackened area around lungs, flattened hemi-diaphragm, contralateral shift of mediastinum

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27
Q

What test can help diagnose cystic fibrosis?

A

Genetic testing and chloride sweat test

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28
Q

At what level does the innervation of the intercostals begin?

A

T1

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29
Q

X-ray finding(s) for a patient with atelectasis

A

Ipsilateral shift of mediastinum, ?density in area of atelectasis, elevated hemi-diaphragm (tenting)

30
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory condition of the airways characterized by hyper-responsiveness of the airways (trachea and bronchi) to various stimuli which results in narrowing of the airways

31
Q

The characteristic appearance of a patient with chronic bronchitis

A

Obese and cyanotic “blue bloater”|

32
Q

ABG for patient with interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

A

Decreased Pa02, Decreased PaCO2

33
Q

Pneumothorax

A

An abnormal collection of air in the pleural space

34
Q

Which type of pneumonia leads to a high fever?

A

Bacterial pneumonia

35
Q

What are exocrine glands?

A

Glands that secrete substances onto an epithelial surface by way of a duct. Examples include sweat, salivary, mammary, ceruminous, lacrimal, sebaceous, prostate and mucous.

36
Q

Auscultation findings for patient with pneumonia

A

Wet coarse inspiratory crackles, bronchial or bronchovesicular BS.

37
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Buildup of fats, cholesterol and other substances in and on artery walls leading to narrowing of the vessel and decreased blood flow

38
Q

What colour sputum would you expect to see in a pt with active tuberculosis?

A

Frank blood

39
Q

X-ray finding(s) for a patient with cardiogenic pulmonary edema

A

Cardiomegaly, enlarged pulmonary vessels, white fluffy/hazy airspace, Kerley B lines

Kerley B lines (arrows) are horizontal lines in the lung periphery that extend to the pleural surface. They denote thickened, edematous interlobular septa often due to pulmonary edema.

40
Q

What are the non-respiratory signs and symptoms of tuberculosis?

A

Fever, fatigue, night sweats, weight loss, may have swollen lymph nodes

41
Q

X-ray finding(s) for a patient with pneumonia

A

Air bronchograms, opacities in surrounding alveoli|

air bronchogram sign was defined as an air-containing bronchus or bronchioles within the SPL in lung cancer, bronchiectasis, and pneumonia.

42
Q

Mucus charactarestics of patient with bronchiectasis

A

Foul-smelling, purulent, may contain blood

43
Q

What are the accessory muscles of ventilation?

A

Erector Spinae, Pectoralis Major & Minor, Serratus Anterior, Scalenes, SCM, Trapezius

44
Q

Mucus charactarestics of patient with bronchiectasis

A

Foul-smelling, purulent, may contain blood

45
Q

Auscultation findings for patient with cystic fibrosis?

A

Decreased BS, coarse inspiratory/expiratory crackles, wheezing

46
Q

X-ray finding(s) for a patient with pleural effusion

A

White (increased opacity) in the area of increased fluid in the pleural space.

Contralateral tracheal deviation with large effusion. May see elevated hemidiaphragm on side of pleural effusion.

47
Q

ABG for a patient with chronic bronchitis

A

Large decreased Pa02, Increased PaCO2

48
Q

Auscultation findings for patient with pneumothorax

A

Decreased near involved area or absent in severe or tension type pneumothorax

49
Q

ABG for a patient during an asthma attack

A

Decreased Pa02, increased PaCO2 in severe cases, decreased pH (respiratory acidosis)

50
Q

What tests) help confirm a TB infection?

A

TB (mantoux) skin test, TB blood test

51
Q

What tests) and examinations help confirm active TB disease?

A

Chest x-ray, sputum sample, medical history, physical examination

52
Q

What signs or symptoms does left HF have in common with right HF?

A

Dyspnea, fatigue, weakness

53
Q

What signs or symptoms does left HF have that right HF does not?

A

Pulmonary edema, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, orthopnea

54
Q

What type of pulmonary edema is seen in a patient with ARDS?

A

Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edemal

55
Q

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5 keeps the diaphragm alive)

56
Q

Pulmonary embolism

A

A blood clot that has been lodged in a pulmonary artery.

57
Q

Auscultation findings for patient with ARDS

A

Fine inspiratory crackles, diffuse wheezes

58
Q

Auscultation findings for patient with pulmonary edema

A

Decreased BS, fine inspiratory crackles

59
Q

What can be done to decrease the risk of a DVT post-surgery?

A

Anti-coagulant meds (not in PT scope), bed exercises, early mobilization, compression stockings

60
Q

What are the different types of pneumothorax

A

Spontaneous, Traumatic, and Tension Pneumothorax|

61
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Pain or cramping that occurs in the buttock or legs (especially calves) as a result of poor circulation to the affected area

62
Q

Myocardial Ischemia

A

Pain or cramping that occurs in the buttock or legs (especially calves) as a result of poor circulation to the affected area

63
Q

Myocardial Ischemia

A

Insufficient blood flow to the myocardium

64
Q

Myocardial Infarction

A

Death of cardiac muscle cells due to lack of blood flow.

65
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain caused by inadequate blood supply to the heart muscles

66
Q

What is a STEMI?

A

ST segment elevation myocardial infarction often seen in large acute myocardial infarctions with injury to the myocardial tissue on ECG

67
Q

What enzymes could you find elevated post myocardial infarction?

A

Troponin I, Troponin T, Myoglobin, Creatine Kinase -
Myocardial Band (CK-MB)

68
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Low blood platelet count (< 150,000 platelets per microliter)

69
Q

Thrombocytosis

A

High blood platelet count (> 450,000 platelets per microliter)

70
Q

Anemia

A

Low healthy red blood cells]

71
Q

Polycethemia

A

Too many red blood cells (makes blood too thick)!

PCE (40 decks)

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