Immunology Flashcards
Define immune system
A system of cells and tissues that attacks, recognises, and destroys foreign substances that endangers one’s health
Why are humans described as super organisms
They have an internal ecosystem of diverse symbiotic microbiota and viruses
Pathogens
Microorganisms external to the human host that produce diseases
Pathobionts
Pathogens that stay within the host microbiome
Example of pathogens
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Helminths
Fungi
Protozoa
Bacteria
Viruses
Prions
2 categories of pathogens
Extracellular
Intracellular
Extracellular pathogens
Microorganisms that stay in tissue and don’t need to enter host cell to replicate
Intracellular pathogens
Microorganisms that need to enter host cell to be replicated
2 types of intracellular pathogens
Obligate
Facultative
Obligate
Stay inside host cell and can’t replicate outside of host cell
Facultative
Live in host cell
Can replicate without host cell
Pathogenicity
2 types of immune response
Innate
Adaptive
Innate immune system
The initial response to pathogens
Adaptive immune response
After the innate response is unable to block the spread