Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Define immune system

A

A system of cells and tissues that attacks, recognises, and destroys foreign substances that endangers one’s health

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2
Q

Why are humans described as super organisms

A

They have an internal ecosystem of diverse symbiotic microbiota and viruses

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3
Q

Pathogens

A

Microorganisms external to the human host that produce diseases

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4
Q

Pathobionts

A

Pathogens that stay within the host microbiome

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5
Q

Example of pathogens
[6]

A

Helminths
Fungi
Protozoa
Bacteria
Viruses
Prions

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6
Q

2 categories of pathogens

A

Extracellular
Intracellular

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7
Q

Extracellular pathogens

A

Microorganisms that stay in tissue and don’t need to enter host cell to replicate

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8
Q

Intracellular pathogens

A

Microorganisms that need to enter host cell to be replicated

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9
Q

2 types of intracellular pathogens

A

Obligate
Facultative

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10
Q

Obligate

A

Stay inside host cell and can’t replicate outside of host cell

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11
Q

Facultative

A

Live in host cell
Can replicate without host cell

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12
Q

Pathogenicity

A
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13
Q

2 types of immune response

A

Innate
Adaptive

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14
Q

Innate immune system

A

The initial response to pathogens

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15
Q

Adaptive immune response

A

After the innate response is unable to block the spread

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16
Q

3 components of an effective immune system
RDC

A

Recognition system
Disposal system
Communication system

17
Q

Recognition system

A

Helps identify the presence of invader

18
Q

Importance of a Disposal system

A

To kill or eliminate threat

19
Q

Importance of a communication system

A

Return body to previous conditions

20
Q

Compare the evolutionary origins of innate and adaptive immunity

A

Innate - invertebrates and vertebrates [present before birth]
Vertebrates - vertebrates

21
Q

Compare the blood cell type of innate and adaptive immunity

A

Innate - phagocytes
Adaptive - lymphocytes

22
Q

Compare the specificity of recognition of innate and adaptive immunity

A

Innate - non specific
Adaptive - high

23
Q

Compare the speed of action of innate and adaptive immunity

A

Innate - rapid
Adaptive - slow

24
Q

Does innate immunity develop memory Cells

A

NO

25
Q

Does adaptive immunity develop memory Cells

A

YES

26
Q

Types of innate immunity
[2]

A

Non induced
Induced

27
Q

Non induced innate mechanisms

A

Mediated by physical barriers

28
Q

Induced innate mechanism

A

Mediated by complement and leukocytes

29
Q

2 components of pathogen recognition

A

1st element - in pathogen
2nd element - in host cell

30
Q

PAMPs

A

Molecular configuration in pathogens

31
Q

PRMs

A

Host structure that recognises PAMPs

32
Q

PRRs

A

PRMs found in leukocytes or in cytoplasm

33
Q

Order of immune system

A

Barrier
Innate
Adaptive

34
Q

Example of Barrier immunity

A

Respiratory epithelium
GI epithelium
Nose
Pharynx

35
Q

Example of cells innate immunity

A

Neutrophils
Mast cells
Monocytes
Macrophages