Sequence of tenses

Question 1

What 5 tenses in the main clause trigger the present subjunctive in the dependent clause?

Answer 1

Present subjunctive: change of vowel

1. Present indicative: Juan les pide que vengan (Juan asks them to come)
2. Present perfect indicative: Juan les ha pedido que vengan (Juan has asked them to come)
3. Future Indicative: Jan les pedirá que vengan (Juan will ask them to come)
4. Future perfect indicative: Jan les habrá pedido que vengan (Juan has probably asked them to come)
5. Commands: Juan, pídales que vengan (Juan, ask them to come)

Question 2

What are the four tenses in the main clause that trigger the imperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause?

Answer 2

Imperfect subjunctive: -ra, -ras, -ra…

1. Imperfect or preterite: Juan les pidió
   que vinieran (Juan asked them to come)
2. Pluperfect indicative: Juan les había pedido que vinieran (Juan had asked them to come)
3. Conditional: Juan les pediría que vinieran (Juan would ask them to come)
4. Conditional perfect: Juan les habría pedido que vinieran (Juan would have asked them to come)

Question 3

What are the five tenses in the main clause that trigger the imperfect subjunctive (where the action in the dependent clause happened before the action in the main clause)?

Answer 3

Imperfect subjunctive: -ra, -ras, -ran

1. Present indicative: Juan se alegra de que vinieran (Juan is happy that they came)
2. Present perfect indicative: Juan se ha alegrado de que vinieran (Juan has been happy that they came)
3. Future Indicative: Juan se alegrará de que vinieran (Juan will be happy that they came)
4. Future perfect indicative: Juan se habrá alegrado de que vinieran (Juan must have been happy that they came)
5. Commands: Juan, alégrese de que vinieran (Juan, be happy that they came)

Question 4

What are the tenses of the dependent clause when the action in the dependent clause happened before the action of the main clause?

Answer 4

Present perfect subjunctive, imperfect subjunctive, or pluperfect subjunctive

Question 5

What are the tenses in the dependent clause when the action in the dependent clause is simultaneous with or after the action in the main clause?

Answer 5

Present subjunctive or imperfect subjunctive

Question 6

What are the four tenses in the main clause that trigger the present perfect subjunctive?

Answer 6

Present perfect subjunctive: haya, hayas, haya… -ido, -ado

1. Present indicative: Juan se alegra de que hayan venido (Juan is happy that they have came)
2. Present perfect indicative: Juan se ha alegrado de que hayan venido (Juan has been happy that they have came)
3. Future indicative: Juan se alegrará de que hayan venido (Juan will be happy that they have came)
4. Future perfect indicative: Juan se habrá alegrado de que hayan venido (Juan must have been happy that they have came)
5. Commands: Juan, alégrese de que hayan venido (Juan, be happy that they have came)

Question 7

What tenses in the main clause trigger the pluperfect subjunctive in the dependent clause?

Answer 7

Pluperfect subjunctive: hubiera, hubieras, hubiera… -ido, -ado

1. Imperfect or preterite: Juan se alegraba (or se alegró) de que hubieran venido (Juan was happy that they had come)
2. Pluperfect indicative: Juan se había alegrado de que hubieran venido (Juan had been happy that they had come)
3. Conditional: Juan se alegraría de que hubieran venido (Juan would be happy that they had come)
4. Conditional perfect: Juan se habría alegrado de que hubieran venido (Juan would have been happy that they had come)