Impact of victimisation Flashcards

1
Q

What impacts may crime have on victims

A

serious emotional and physical impacts.

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2
Q

examples of emotional impacts on victims

A

feelings of helplessness
increased security consciousness
difficulties in social functioning

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3
Q

crime may create i_________ v_______

A

indirect victims

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4
Q

what is an indirect victim?

A

witnesses, friends and relatives of victims.

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5
Q

Pynoos et al (indirect victims) found:

A

child witnesses of a sniper attack continued to have grief-related dreams and altered behaviour a year after the event.

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6
Q

child witnesses experienced what, a year after the sniper attack? (Pynoos et al)

A

grief-related dreams
altered behaviour

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7
Q

what can hate crimes against minorities create?

A

waves of harm that radiate out to intimidate whole communities, not just the primary victim.

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8
Q

Secondary victimisation:

A

individuals suffering further victimisation in the CJS in addition to the crime itself.

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9
Q

secondary victimisation- what do feminists argue?

A

the police and courts poorly treat rape victims, so amounts to a double violation.

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10
Q

double violation:

A

the police and courts poorly treating rape victims. Primary victim of rape and secondary victim of the court’s poor treatment.

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11
Q

fear of victimisation:

A

crime may create a fear of becoming a victim, even if such fears are irrational.

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12
Q

example of fear of victimisation:

A

women are more afraid of going out for fear of attack, yet young men are more likely to become victims of violence.

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13
Q

AO3: feminists attack…

A

the emphasis of ‘fear of crime’.

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14
Q

AO3: ‘fear of crime’ focuses on what?

A

women’s passivity and their psychological state.

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15
Q

AO3: what do feminists argue we should focus on?

A

women’s safety rather than their psychological state eg: the structural threat of patriarchal violence that women face.

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