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Sociology crime and deviance > Surveillance > Flashcards

Surveillance Flashcards

1
Q

Who came up with the panopticon model?

A

Foucault

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2
Q

What does the Panopticon allow?

A

allows the few to watch the many

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3
Q

what does the panopticon show

A

how power operates in society as a whole

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4
Q

The panopticon demonstrates how power operates in society using prisoners: this means

A

the prisoners do not know if they are being watched, or that they might be being watched.

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5
Q

How do the prisoners act due to the panopticon?

A

they behave at all times

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6
Q

panopticon: term for prisoners behaving at all times:

A

self-surveillance

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7
Q

panopticon: surveillance has expanded to:

A

mental asylums, factories, workhouses, schools. this affects all of society.

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8
Q

AO3 panopticon: effectiveness

A

surveillance like CCTV cameras are not always effective in preventing crime.

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9
Q

panopticon AO3: who investigated the effectiveness of cctv cameras?

A

Norris (2012)

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10
Q

Panopticon AO3: what did Norris (2012) find?

A

While CCTV reduced crimes in car parks, it had little or no effect on other crime, and may even cause displacement.

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11
Q

Who came up with the Synoptic surveillance model?

A

Mathiesen (1997)

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12
Q

What does synoptic surveillance allow?

A

Allows many to watch the few in today’s modern society.
‘everybody watches everybody’

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13
Q

synoptic surveillance: Mathiesen criticises Foucault’s account of surveillance saying:

A

Foucault only tells half of the story when applied to todays society.

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14
Q

synoptic surveillance: the media and technology today allows:

A

the many to watch the few

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15
Q

Synoptic surveillance, the synopticon: in Late modern society, there is…

A

an increase in the top-down, centralised surveillance that Foucault discusses, but also surveillance from below.
ordinary citizens are now able to ‘control the controllers’

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16
Q

Synopticon: Example of the public monitoring each other:

A

dash cams/ cameras mounted on helmets. this collects evidence in the event of an accident.

17
Q

SS AO3: the idea of the synopticon is limited eg:

A

under anti-terrorism laws, the police have powers to confiscate cameras and mobile phones of ‘citizen journalists’

18
Q

SS: AO3 faults in SS:

A

dash cams may have no more memory.

19
Q

Who came up with liquid surveillance?

A

Bauman and Lyon (2013)

20
Q

LS: What do Bauman and Lyon argue?

A

in today’s modern world, surveillance has become fluid.

21
Q

LS: why has surveillance become fluid?

A

because in today’s society, citizens, workers, travellers and consumers are constantly on the move, so modern societies have become fluid like liquid.

22
Q

LS: surveillance slips into a liquid state to:

A

monitor, track and trace people’s movements.

23
Q

Liquid surveillance is f_____ and m______, it is spreading into more areas of life.

A

flexible
mobile

24
Q

how is LS spreading into more areas of life?

A
  1. as travellers
  2. as consumers
  3. as users of social media
25
Q

LS: Travellers eg…

A

passport control with body scanners and biometric checks.
chips in passports.
checking in with smartphone.

26
Q

LS: consumers eg…

A

monitoring searches and cookies.
customer databases.
using smartphones for scanning codes and purchasing goods.

27
Q

LS: users of social media eg…

A

by exchanging personal information such as personal profiles.

28
Q

What does Liquid surveillance act as?

A

Big Brother. where people are constantly being watched whilst on the move, but don’t know when.

29
Q

AO3 LS: what does LS lead to?

A

Labelling and discrimination

30
Q

AO3 why does LS lead to labelling and discrimination?

A

CCTV operators make discriminatory judgements about who of the thousands of potential suspects appearing on their screens they should focus on.

31
Q

LS AO3: Norris and Armstrong found:

A

there is a massively disproportionate
targeting of young black males for no other reason than their membership of that particular social group.

32
Q

What is the effect of liquid surveillance?

A

the thought of being watched can control our behaviour. We are increasingly conscious of the fact that we are actually being watched.

33
Q

An example of being watched by LS:

A

supermarket carpark displaying number plates with arrival time.
hand over loyalty cards to same supermarket.
targeted with customised promotions based on our spending habits.

34
Q

Net outcome of LS:

A

prevent us from committing crime because we are convinced that someone is monitoring everything we do.

35
Q

What are the three types of surveillance?

A
  1. The panopticon
  2. the synopticon (synoptic surveillance)
  3. Liquid surveillance

Sociology crime and deviance (10 decks)

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