pharmacology summary Flashcards

1
Q

Affinity –

A

strength of association between ligand and receptor

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2
Q

Efficacy –

A

ability of an agonist to evoke a cellular response

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3
Q

agonist

A

possess affinity + efficacy

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4
Q

antagonist

A

possess only affinity not efficacy

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5
Q

what is pKa

A

pH at which 50% of drug is ionised

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6
Q

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

A

pH – pKa = log(A-/AH) = acid

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7
Q

enteral administration route

A

Oral, sublingual, Rectal

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8
Q

parenteral administration route :

A

IV, IVM, subcutaneous, inhalational

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9
Q

Vd < 10L =

A

vascular compartment

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10
Q

Vd 10-30L =

A

Extracellular water

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11
Q

Vd > 30L =

A

Total body water

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12
Q

Vd –

A

volume in which drug is dissolved

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13
Q

higher TR

A

safer the drug

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14
Q

kinetics

A

elimination at a constant rate

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15
Q

Clearance =

A

volume of plasma cleared of drug in unit time

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16
Q

when is a steady state reached

A

after 5 half lives

17
Q

drug metabolism phase 1

A

RHS liver – oxidation/reduction/hydrolysis – making drug more polar

18
Q

phase 2 drug metabolism

A

LHS liver – conjugation

19
Q

Basic processes of renal excretion of drugs:

A
  1. Glomerular filtration
  2. Active tubular secretion: anion transporter– acidic cation transporter - basic
  3. Passive reabsorption across tubular epithelium
20
Q

Na+flows in –

A

activation of Na+channels reinforcing – positive feedback

21
Q

K+flows out –

A

activation of K+channels self-limiting – negative feedback

22
Q

Sympathetic –

A

fight or flight [T1-L2]

23
Q

Parasympathetic –

A

rest and digest

24
Q

Neurochemical transmission steps:

A
  1. Precursor taken up
  2. Transmitter synthesised and stored
  3. Action potential depolarises
  4. Calcium influx through voltage-activated calcium channels
  5. Calcium induced release of transmitter
  6. Receptor activation
  7. Enzyme-mediated inactivation of transmitter (cholinergic) or reuptake of transmitter (adrenergic)
25
Q

M1 - Gq

A

Stimulates phospholipase C
Increases stomach acid secretion

26
Q

M2 - Gi

A

Inhibition of adenyl cyclase,
opening K+ channels
- Decreased HR

27
Q

M3 - Gq

A

Stimulates phospholipase C
Increased saliva secretion and
bronchoconstriction

28
Q

β1 - Gs

A

Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase
Increased HR and force

29
Q

β2 - Gs

A

Stimulation of adenylyl cyclase
Relaxation of bronchial and vascular smooth muscle

30
Q

α1 - Gq

A

Stimulation of phospholipase C
Contraction of vascular smooth muscle

31
Q

α2 - Gi

A

Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase
Inhibition of NA release