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Instrument Certificate (DA 40NG) > Preflight Requirements & Flight Planning > Flashcards

Preflight Requirements & Flight Planning Flashcards

1
Q

What is a good preflight checklist used to mitigate risk?

A

PAVE checklist

P - Pilot (IMSAFE)
A - Aircraft (Airworthiness + Inspections)
V - EnVironment (weather, terrain, RWYs)
E - External Pressures (social factors)

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2
Q

What are your personal IFR mins?

A

Circling minimums

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3
Q

What are the benefits of Personal mins?

A
  1. Helps us identify when we may be encountering a condition that may be unsafe for your level of experience or proficiency.
  2. Creates a clear line between legal and safe.
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4
Q

What preflight requirements are placed on pilots by the FAA?

A

FAR 91.103

Must review the following:
N - Notams
W - Weather (reports+forecasts)
K - Known ATC delays
R - RWY lengths at airports
A - Alternative plans
F - Fuel requirements
T - T/O and LDG data

NWKRAFT

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5
Q

What fuel requirements must be met for an IFR flight?

A

FAR 91.167

  • Have enough to fly to destination
    +
  • Enough to fly to the Alternate (if requried)
    +
  • Then an additional 45 mins at normal cruising speed

*Keep in mind that these are FAA minimums. You should always plan for more.
*You must also take weather into your fuel planning

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6
Q

Are you required to go to your FILED alternate airport if you cannot make it in to your destination?

A
  • No, any nearby airport with an appropriate IAP can be used.
  • The filed alternate is for fuel planning purposes
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7
Q

What are some reasons why it would be a good idea to plan for more fuel than what is required by FAR 91.167?

A
  1. You may be placed in a Hold
  2. Strong headwinds may increase
  3. You may need to shoot multiple approaches to make it in to your destination
  4. Fuel may not be available at your destination or it may be broke (call ahead)

*Its a good idea to plan your alternate far away. That way you have an additional fuel buffer

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8
Q

What preflight checks should be made on your GPS?

A
  1. Ensure you GPS is properly IFR certified (AFM)
  2. Verify Database is current
  3. NOTAMs for GPS & WAAS outages
  4. Check RAIM availability (non-WAAS recievers)
  5. Make sure the GPS manual is onboard (Garmin manual)
  6. Check that your ground based NAVAID equipment is functional (VOR 30 day check)
  7. Check NAVAID NOTAMs
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9
Q

What is RAIM?

A

Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring (RAIM)

  • Alerts us if our GPS signal becomes unreliable for navigation
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10
Q

When are we required to perform a RAIM check?

A

AIM 5-1-16

  • If your aircraft has TSO-129 (non-WAAS) GPS equipment for RNAV and RNP functions.
  • If your aircraft has TSO-145/146 (WAAS), you are not required to do a RAIM check if WAAS coverage is confirmed to be available
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11
Q

When are we allowed to skip the RAIM availability check?

A

AIM 5-1-16

  • When we have a TSO-145/146 (WAAS) equipped aircraft
  • And WAAS coverage along the route is predicted to be available
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12
Q

What does TSO-120 mean?

A

The aircraft has an approved GPS for IFR navigation that is NOT WAAS equipped but may have RAIM

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13
Q

What does TSO-146/146

A

The aircraft has an approved GPS for IFR navigation that IS WAAS equipped. (may or may not have RAIM)

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14
Q

What are a few ways we can do a RAIM check?

A
  1. FSS can provide RAIM prediction for 1hr before to 1hr after ETA
  2. FAA SAPT (Service Availability Prediction Tool) Website.
  3. The receiver itself may have a RAIM prediction tool (Garmin)
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15
Q

Who is responsible for ensuring the aircraft is in airworthy condition?

A

FAR 91.7

The Pilot In Command

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16
Q

What equipment is required for IFR flight?

A

FAR 91.205

ATOMOTOFLAMES+KOEL +

G - Generator/Alternator
R - Radio (Nav/Comm)
A - Altimeter
B - Ball (slip/skid)
C - Clock
A - Attitude indicator
R - Rate of Turn indicator
D - Direction Gyro (HSI)
D - DME or RNAV for flight at or above FL240 if VOR is required for route

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17
Q

In addition to GRABCARD, what other IFR equipment is required ?

A

FAR 91.205

DME or RNAV for flight at or above FL240 if VOR equipment is required for route

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18
Q

What aircraft inspections are required?

A

FAR 91.171, 207, 403, 409, 417, 411, 413.

A - ADs
A - Annual inspection:12 months
V - VOR inspection: 30 days
1 - 100hr inspection (if for hire or CFI uses it to instruct)
A - Altimeter/pitot static system every 24 months
T - Transponder every 24 months
E - ELT every 12 months

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19
Q

How will you determine if your aircraft is still airworthy when something breaks? (assume no MEL)

A

FAR 91.213(d) AC 91-67

  1. Check the TCDS
  2. Check 91.205 for ATOMATOFLAMES and GRABCARD
  3. Check the KOEL
  4. Check ADs

If the equipment falls on any of these lists than the aircraft is not airworthy

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20
Q

What must be done to broken equipment that does NOT make the aircraft un-airworthy

A

FAR 91.213

  1. Part must be removed or Deactivated
  2. Item must be placarded
  3. You must log this event in the MX logs
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21
Q

Can you use Cell Phones or PEDs on an IFR flight?

A

FAR 91.21

No, UNLESS the operator of the aircraft has determined that it will not interfere with NAV/COMM

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22
Q

Are Electronic flight Bags an approved replacement for paper charts?

A

AC 91-78

Yes, but its a good idea to have a back up

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23
Q

What documents are required to be onboard the aircraft for each flight?

A

FAR 91.9, 203

A - Airworthiness cert
R - Registration cert
R - Radio (if operating outside US)
O - Operating Limitations (AFM, Placards & Markings)
W - Weight and Balance

  • GPS AFM Supplement/User guide, compass deviation card, and external serial number
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24
Q

What aircraft documentation SHOULD be onboard the aircraft if it has an IFR approved GPS?

A

GPS AFM supplement or the GPS user guide (Garmin pilot user guide)

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25
Q

How often are GPS databases required to be updated?

A

Navigation - every 28 days
Obstacles - every 56 days

Terrain - As needed
Airport maps - As needed

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26
Q

Can a GPS with an expired database be used under IFR?

A

AIM 1-1-16/17, AC 90-100

The navigation database contained in the GPS is required to be current if it is used for IFR approaches.

*Some units allow you to confirm that your selected waypoints using the outdated FMS database are current using an alternate means of verification (Garmin Pilot updated charts)

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27
Q

Who is allowed to update the GPS/FMS database?

A

Pilots can, provided that no disassembly is required.

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28
Q

When using GPS, when are you required to have an alternate means of navigation?

A

AIM 1-1-17

  1. Using TSO-129/196 (non-WAAS)
  2. Active monitoring of the alternate means of navigation is required if the equipment does not have, or loses RAIM.
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29
Q

When are you required to actively monitor alternate means of navigation when using GPS?

A

AIM 1-1-17

  • When RAIM is lost or not available in TSO-129/196 (non-WAAS) equipment
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30
Q

Besides the higher accuracy of WAAs equipped GPS unites, what other advantage is provided?

A

You are not required to monitor any alternate means of navigation.

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31
Q

How do you know what type of operations your GPS is approved for?

A

Reference the AFM Supplement for the GPS to determine its limitations

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32
Q

Can you use a handheld GPS for IFR ops?

A

NO, they may only be used to enhance Situational Awareness

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33
Q

What happens if you notice that the aircrafts Static Discharge Wicks are missing?

A

-You may experience Nav/Comm issues due to Precipitation Induced Static

  • Static Discharge Wicks are meant to dissipate Precipitation Induced Static which can cause interference or total loss of Nav/Comms

*P-Static is caused by the buildup of a negative charge produced by precipitation

34
Q

What is needed to operate in controlled airspace in IMC?

A

FAR 91.173

  1. Filed an IFR flight plan
  2. Received an ATC clearance
35
Q

How often must a VOR check be completed for an IFR flight?

A

FAR 91.171

Within the last 30 days of the IFR flight.

36
Q

What are the 3 main ways the VOR check may be completed?

A
  1. VOT facility
  2. Certified Ground checkpoint
  3. Certified Air checkpoint
37
Q

How is the VOR check done with a VOT?

A
  1. Find the VOT information in the C/S or with FSS
  2. In the air or on the ground the OBS should be CENTERED and read 0 FM, or 180 TO.
38
Q

How is the VOR check done at a certified Air checkpoint?

A
  1. Check the C/S for a suitable VOR checkpoint, air or ground.
  2. Follow the instructions (location and radials to be received)
  3. Error is +- 4 on the ground, & +- 6 in the air.
39
Q

How can a VOR check be done on a dual VOR system using a certified Air or Ground checkpoint?

A
  1. Check the CS for a suitable VOR checkpoint, air or ground
  2. Follow instructions (location & radials to be recieved)
  3. Center one VOR needle, and set the other to the same degree
  4. Error: Both Needles must be within 4 degrees of EACHOTHER in the air and on the ground
40
Q

What acronym do we use to remember what information we must log after completing a VOR Check?

A

SLED

S - Signature
L - Location
E - Error amount
D - Date

41
Q

What must be done at the end of every VOR Check?

A

It must be logged (SLED)

S - Signature
L - Location
E - Error amount
D - Date

42
Q

When must you file an IFR flight plan?

A

AIM 5-1-8

  1. Prior to entering controlled airspace when conditions are less than VMC
  2. File at least 30 mins prior to departure
43
Q

When is it Mandatory to use an ICAO flight plan for

A
  1. If you want to be assigned RNAV SIDs, STARs or other PBN routing
  2. If you depart domestic airspace

**3. Recommended for domestic IFR flights

44
Q

When will ATC cancel your flight plan if it has not been activated?

A

AIM 5-1-13

  1. Usually 2hrs after the proposed departure time or Expected Departure Clearance Time (EDCT)
  2. Remember to notify ATC if your departure time will be delayed beyond the 2hr mark
45
Q

When can you cancel your IFR flight plan?

A

AIM 5-1-13

  1. When in VFR conditions (outside class A)
  2. On the ground after landing
  3. With ATC after landing at a non-towered
  4. ATC will cancel it if you land at a controlled field.
46
Q

Are you able to file a flight plan, takeoff, and then get your IFR clearance?

A

Yes, but don’t expect any ATC IFR assistance (vectoring, advisories, until your clearance is picked up.

**This may be a good option if you want to get in the air faster.
** Requires VMC conditions of course.

47
Q

What does the altitude listed in your flight plan represent?

A

Your planned cruising altitude for the FIRST or whole portion of the route.

48
Q

What does the airspeed listed in your flight plan represent?

A

Cruising TAS for the FIRST or whole cruising portion.

49
Q

If you need to use an Alternate airport, does it have to be the one that you filed in your IFR flight plan?

A

No, it can be any suitable airport other than your destination.

50
Q

What is the purpose for having an Alternate airport in your IFR flight plan?

A

To ensure proper safe fuel planning should the need to divert to an alternate arise.

51
Q

What would you do if you go missed and need to proceed to an alternate but are unable to contact ATC?

A

Proceed as you normally would to any nearby suitable airport

52
Q

What wx mins are actually to be used upon arrival at the alternate?

A

The minimums specified in the IAP for that airport

53
Q

Define ‘Ceiling’

A

Hight above the earths surface (AGL) of the lowest layer of clouds (or other obscuring phenomena) reported as Broken or Overcast.

54
Q

Where/When would DME be required?

A
  1. When at or above 24,000 ft MSL IF VOR navigation is required
  2. When stated so in the IAP notes
55
Q

When using a Non-WAAS GPS (TSO-C129/196), what Alternate airport restrictions apply?

A
  1. Your Alternate airport must have a Non-GPS approach (ground based approach)
    - Cannot ONLY have RNAV IAPs
    - GPS must NOT be needed to fly ANY part of the IAP (missed included)

** Does NOT apply to a WAAS capable GPS

56
Q

If you are using a WAAS GPS (TSO-C145/146), would a required Alternate airport need to have a Non-GPS based IAP for you to legally be able to list it?

A

No, If your aircraft is WAAS capable you have no restrictions on the kind of IAPs existing at your alternate.

You can have RNAV IAPs at your Alternate

57
Q

What are some ways you can check for GPS NOTAMs?

A
  1. Specifically request GPS information from FSS
  2. Garmin Pilot
58
Q

What are some ways for you to check NOTAMs?

A
  1. NTAP (NOTAM Publication)
  2. FSS/Briefing
  3. Garmin Pilot
  4. FIS-B via ADSB-IN
59
Q

What are the types of NOTAMs and what are they for?

A
  1. NOTAM (D) - Distance NOTAMS, used to notify pilots of safety related issues related to **NAVIGATIONAL FACILITIES and AIRPORTS
  2. FDC NOTAM - These are mandatory to follow and contain safety related information regarding **IAP, AIRWAY or AIRSPACE
  3. GPS NOTAM - Issued when an area is having GPS reception problems or a GPS outage

L NOTAMs - Military only

60
Q

What is a NOTAM?

A
  1. Notice to Air Mission
  2. Used to inform pilots of changes that may impact safety
61
Q

What doe the terms ‘Unreliable’, and ‘May not be available’ mean in a NOTAM related to GPS operation?

A
  1. LPV service may not be available. Vertical Guidance might be out
  2. This does not mean that you cannot use WAAS in this area, but expect to have to use a lower level of GPS service like LNAV
62
Q

Where should your RNAV route end and begin when flight planning for IFR?

A

Plan for the Enroute portion to begin and end at an appropriate Departure or Arrival Transition Fix

63
Q

What is an important lost comms consideration to make when flight planning the arrival portion of your IFR flight plan?

A

Plan your route to an Initial Approach Fix (IAF) rather than to the airport. If you have lost comms, ATC will know

64
Q

With Jeppesen charts, where will you find important departure information such as, RWY length, lighting, alternate minimums, T/O minimums?

A

The 10-9 (taxi page) and 10-9A pages.

65
Q
A
66
Q

What does having a WAAS capable GPS enable us to do concerning the choice of alternate airport filed?

A

Having a WAAS capable GPS enables us to choose an Alternate Airport that ONLY has an RNAV IAP available.

*This is because WAAS enables us to use GPS as our primary means of navigation.

67
Q

What is important to keep in mind regarding compulsory reporting points when building a flight plane using just VORs to go direct instead of airways?

A

The fixes used to define your route of flight (flight plan) will become compulsory reporting points

68
Q

For an IFR flight plan NOT using airways but still using VORs to define the route below class A, how far away at a maximum should the VORs be?

A

No more than 80 NM apart

69
Q

When planning a route to or near a large class B airport, what should you consult?

A

You should consult the Preferred IFR Routes section of the Chart Supplement

70
Q

When are you required to file an Alternate airport?

A

FAR 91.169

Use the 1-2-3 rule

If at any point between 1hr prior and 1hr after your ETA the WX is expected to be less than,
- 2,000 ft. ceiling
- 3 SM
…then you are required to file an Alternate airport

71
Q

What are the standard weather requirements that must be met at the ETA to your Alternate airport?

A

Precision approach = 600ft ceiling, 2 SM viz

Non-Precision approach = 800ft ceiling, 2 SM viz

***UNLESS: Non-Standard WX mins exist: You will need to check the Jeppesen 10-9 page for alternate minimums!

72
Q

If your IFR destination has no IAP, (because you expect VFR) what must be included in your filed flight plan?

A

An alternate airport

73
Q

Where can you find your Alternate airports weather minimums for filing as an alternate?

A

Check the Jeppesen 10-9 page, alternate filing mins will be listed there, standard or otherwise.

74
Q

By at least what time prior to your ETD should you have filed your flight plan?

A

At least 30 mins prior to departure

75
Q

When can you cancel your IFR flight plan? (3 instances)

A
  1. When in VFR conditions and NOT in Class A airspace
  2. Towered airport = ATC will close it for us upon landing
  3. Non-Towered airport = The PILOT must close it with ATC in the air or on the ground or with FSS
76
Q

What two instances require the filing of an alternate?

A
  1. When your destination does not have not have an IAP
  2. When between 1hr before and 1hr after your ETA, the destination WX will be below 2,000ft ceilings and 3 SM viz (1-2-3 rule)
77
Q

What does it mean if you notice there aren’t any kind of Departure Procedures listed for your airport that also has an IAP?

A

This means that you can safely depart in any direction and climb up to the lowest safe altitude.

**DPs are always made for an airport with an IAP UNLESS its safe to depart in all directions
**If there is no IAP and NO DPs published, you can still depart (legally), but you are responsible for your own obstacle clearance…

78
Q

Where can you find the Preferred IFR Routes?

A

AIM-5-1-8
The Chart Supplement

79
Q

A destination alternate is always required unless…

A

FAR 91.169

An instrument approach is available and the WX is greater than the 1-2-3 rule

80
Q

What is ATC likely to do if you Request ‘No SID’ in your flight plan?

A

(Think Aviation - Standard Takeoff Mins)

They will likely assign you an ODP or give you radar vectors that mimic the ODP

81
Q

Are part 91 pilots required to adhere to the Take-off Mins listed on a SID?

A

(Think Aviation - Standard Takeoff Mins)

No

82
Q

What are some good preflight planning things to consider when the possibility of encountering icing is present?

A

AC-91-74

  1. Pre-determine exit strategies, will a climb or descent, or turn-around be most appropriate given the conditions?

2.Extra fuel may be needed due to the drag that icing may cause or due to drag from de-icing systems

  1. When choosing alternate airports, remember that icing will require a higher approach speed and therefore, a longer RWY!

Instrument Certificate (DA 40NG) (23 decks)

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