L11: Child Psychiatric Disorders Flashcards
Def of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Qualitative deficits in reciprocal social interaction,
communication skills and restricted patterns of behavior.
Diagnostic Criteria of Autism Spectrum Disorder
levels of severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Level 1
- Has social interaction and speech.
Level 2
- Has minimal speech and interaction.
Level 3
- Has no speech or social interaction.
Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Autism spectrum disorder is generally a lifelong disorder with a guarded prognosis.
- Two-thirds remain severely handicapped and dependent.
- Improved prognosis if IQ > 70 and communication skills are seen by ages 5 to 7 years.
- The prognosis is variable, but the two most important predictors of adult outcome are level of intellectual functioning and language impairment.
Onset of Autism Spectrum Disorder
before age of 3 years.
Etiology of Autism Spectrum Disorder
DDx of Autism Spectrum Disorder
- Schizophrenia with childhood onset
- Children with intellectual disorder with behavioral symptoms
- Children with acquired aphasia with convulsion
- Children with Congenital deafness or severe hearing impairment
- Children with Psychosocial deprivation
How is Schizophrenia with childhood onset: Diffrentiated from Autism Spectrum Disorder?
- It is is rare in children under the age of 5.
- Accompanied by hallucinations or delusions.
- With a lower incidence of seizures and mental retardation and a more even IQ.
How is Children with intellectual disorder with behavioral symptoms Diffrentiated from Autism Spectrum Disorder?
- Children usually relate to adults and other children in accordance with their mental age.
- They use the language they do have to communicate with others.
How is Children with acquired aphasia with convulsion Diffrentiated from Autism Spectrum Disorder?
- Child is normal for several years before losing both receptive and expressive language.
- A profound language comprehension disorder then follows, characterized by deviant speech pattern and speech impairment.
How is Children with Congenital deafness or severe hearing impairment Diffrentiated from Autism Spectrum Disorder?
- Infants have a history of relatively normal babbling that tapers off gradually and may stop from 6 months to 1 year of age.
- Children respond only to loud sounds.
- Children usually relate to their parents, seek their affection, and enjoy being held as infants.
How is Children with Psychosocial deprivation Diffrentiated from Autism Spectrum Disorder?
- Children improve rapidly when placed in a favorable psychosocial environment.
Consider ……. as the diagnosis if there is a rapid deterioration of social and/or language skills during the first 2 years of life.
ASD
- 15% of ASD cases are associated with a known genetic mutation.
- Fragile X syndrome is the most common known single gene cause of ASD.
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ASD has high comorbidity with intellectual disability & Association with epilepsy.
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Course & Prognosis of ASD
- Autism spectrum disorder is generally a lifelong disorder with a guarded prognosis.
- Two-thirds remain severely handicapped and dependent.
- Improved prognosis if IQ > 70 and communication skills are seen by ages 5 to 7 years.
- The prognosis is variable, but the two most important predictors of adult outcome are level of intellectual functioning and language impairment.