L12: Personality Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Def of Personality Disorders

A
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2
Q

Classification of Personality Disorders

A
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3
Q

Epidemeology of Personality Disorders

A

Prevalence estimates for any personality disorder is 9.1%

  • with Cluster A personality disorders at 5.7% (~ 6%).
  • with Cluster B at 1.5%. (lowest)
  • with Cluster C at 6%.
  • The prevalence for any personality disorder ranges from 9%-15%.
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3
Q

Prognosis of Personality Disorders

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3
Q

Comorbidity in Personality Disorders

A
  • Personality disorders are highly co-morbid with other personality disorders, and there is high overlap between the different clusters.
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3
Q

what are Personality Traits?

A
  • They are an enduring, repetitive pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself. Personality traits are not disorders
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3
Q

DSM 5 Criteria of Personality Disorders

A
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3
Q

Whenever diagnosing a personality disorder, the clinician must consider …….

A

the ethnic, cultural, and social background of the individual.

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4
Q

Personality disorders should not be confused with problems associated with cultural adaption following immigration or with the expression of habits, customs, or religious and political values by the individual’s culture of origin.

A

….

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4
Q

Certain personality disorders such as antisocial personality disorder are diagnosed much more frequently in ……

A

males

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4
Q

Others personality disorders, such as borderline, histrionic, and dependent personality disorders are diagnosed more frequently in ……

A

females

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5
Q

DDx of Personality Disorders

A
  • Personality change due to another medical condition
  • Other mental disorders and personality traits
  • Psychotic disorders
  • Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
  • Anxiety disorders
  • Depressive disorders
  • Substance use disorders
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5
Q

Although this may reflect true differences in prevalence between genders, it is important to not over diagnose or underdiagnose personality disorders because of social stereotypes about typical gender roles and behaviors

A

….

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5
Q

How is Personality change due to another medical condition Diffrentiated from Personality Disorders?

A
  • When personality changes occur due to the physiological or neuropsychiatric effects of another medical condition (e.g.traumatic brain injury or brain metastases), this diagnosis should be used instead.
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6
Q

How is Other mental disorders and personality traits Diffrentiated from Personality Disorders?

A
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6
Q

Personality traits only become a disorder when …..

A

when these features becoming inflexible, maladaptive, and persistent, and cause significant functional impairment or subjective distress.

7
Q

How is Psychotic disorders Diffrentiated from Personality Disorders?

A
  • For the cluster A personality disorders (paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal) that may be related to the psychotic disorders, there are exclusion criterion that require the pattern of behaviors to not have occurred exclusively during the course of schizophrenia, a bipolar or depressive disorder with psychotic features, or another psychotic disorder.
8
Q

How is Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Diffrentiated from Personality Disorders?

A

When personality changes emerge and persist after an individual has been exposed to extreme stress or trauma, a diagnosis of PTSD should be considered.

9
Q

How is Anxiety disorders Diffrentiated from Personality Disorders?

A

One should be cautious about diagnosing personality disorders during an episode of an anxiety disorder, because these disorders can mimic personality traits on cross-sectional observation.

10
Q

How is Depressive disorders Diffrentiated from Personality Disorders?

A

One should be cautious about diagnosing personality disorders during an episode of a depressive disorder, because these disorders can mimic personality traits on cross-sectional observation.

11
Q

How is Substance use disorders Diffrentiated from Personality Disorders?

A

In individuals with a substance use disorder, a personality disorder diagnosis should not be made based on behaviors stemming from a substance intoxication or withdrawal. Additionally behaviors (e.g. - antisocial behavior) that are associated with perpetuating substance use should not be used to make the diagnosis of a personality disorder.

11
Q

Characters of Schizoid Personality Disorder

A
11
Q

Characters of Paranoid Personality Disorder

A
12
Q

Characters of Histrionic Personality Disorder

A
12
Q

Characters of Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A
12
Q

Characters of Antisocial Personality Disorder

A
13
Q

Characters of Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

A
13
Q

Characters of Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A
14
Q

Characters of Avoidant Personality Disorder

A
15
Q

Characters of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

A
15
Q

Charactesr of Dependent Personality Disorder

A
15
Q

Managment of Personality Disorders

A
  1. For those who seek help, individual and group psychotherapy may be useful.
  2. Pharmacotherapy also can be used to manage symptoms such as depression and anxiety that may be associated with the PDs.
16
Q

Other specified personality disorders

A
  1. Passive-aggressive personality
  2. Depressive personality
  3. Sadomasochistic personality
  4. Sadistic personality
  5. Personality changes due to a general medical condition
  6. Anabolic steroids