Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AUDE 5260 Human Anatomy & Neuroanatomy > Vision and Eye Movement > Flashcards

Vision and Eye Movement Flashcards

1
Q

normal spherical-shaped eye
Distant objects are focused on the retina when the ciliary muscles are relaxed

A

emmetropia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

elongated eyeball
The focal plane falls in front of the retina
Only objects which are close to the eye are in focus
Near-sightedness

A

myopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

flattened eyeball shape
The focal point of the image falls behind the retina
Far-sightedness

A

hyperopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

If the cornea gradually thins at the center and protrudes, becoming cone-shaped this results in

A

keratoconus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Keratoconus can

A

impair vision
caused by autosomal dominant gene
treated with corneal transplants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

type of spherical aberration
affects the ability of the eye to focus
cornea has various radii of curvature

A

astigmatism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

decrease of something, decreasing vision with age
not a neural problem
loss of accomodation (near vision)

A

presbyopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

diabetes untreated/unmanaged can coss progression of many things, microvascular disease (as the arteries get smaller, they can become blocked leading to the sbove)
loss of blood supply and nutrients to the retina causing vision loss

A

diabetic retinopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

film/clogging of the eye
opacity (cornea looks milky)
can occur with aging or sped up with genetics

A

cataract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

front chamber is filled with aqueous and too much of this causes excess pressure on the eye, has to be absorbed through canal of schlem and go out to be absorbed and if it doens’t this occurs
pressure builds up and pushes lens back
puff of air at the eye doctor is checking for this

A

glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

blind spot due to lesion
vascular lesion, deposit of pigment in the retina, etc.
dancing light in the eye
think migraine with light

A

scotoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

could have damage from injury or genetics and retina falls off of the globe and falls forward in the fluid when it should be firmly attached
think of curtain closing in from the sides after a theater show
can lead to permanent blindness if not treated right away

A

detached retina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

age-related eye disease affecting the small part of the retina responsible for sharp, straight-ahead vision that is needed for driving and reading small print. This disorder usually occurs in people 65 years of age or older.

A

macular degeneration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the extrinsic eye muscles

A

Superior Rectus (CN III)
Inferior Rectus (CN III)
Sup oblique (CN IV Trochlear)
Inf oblique (CN III)
Lateral rectus (CN VI Abducens)
Medial rectus (CN III)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

moves the eye towards the nose

A

medial rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

moves the eye away from the nose

A

lateral rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

moves the eye up

A

superior rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

moves the eye down

A

inferior rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

rotates the eye down and away

A

superior oblique

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

rotates the eye up and away

A

inferior obliqu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

why do we have conjugate eye movements?

A

For stable images in the two eyes
To avoid diplopia (double-vision)
Eyes must track a moving object in a coordinated fashion
This is complex since the eyes are in an unstable platform (the moving head)
Visual and vestibular systems are involved

22
Q

eye tracking, following an object

A

smooth pursuit

23
Q

directing the gaze from one target to another (A to B)

A

saccades

24
Q

voluntary saccades

A

intentional

25
Q

when the door slams and you reflexively look in that direction)
saccades

A

reflexive

26
Q

Reflexive movement of the eyes in response to vestibular stimulation
Normally the VOR produces conjugate eye movement in the direction opposite the movement of the head
right turn of the head, the eyes go to the left the same degree as the head turn

A

vestibularochlear reflex

27
Q

Rhythmic oscillation of the eyes
Fast in one direction and slow in the other direction (jerk)

A

nystagmus

28
Q

What part of the nervous system mediates the slow phase?

A
29
Q

What part of the nervous system mediates the fast phase?

A
30
Q

railroad nystagmus
eyes track until out of site and then dart back to the middle and repeat and looks just like nystagmus that we would have with a disease

A

Optokinetic Nystagmus

31
Q

Indicates underlying pathological or abnormal condition
May be associated with nausea, vertigo, unsteadiness, falling

A

spontaneous nystagmus

32
Q

What are some pathologies for spontaneous nystagmus

A

Lesion to labyrinth, CN VIII (vestibular portions), brainstem, cerebellum
Lesions that result in an imbalance of neural inputs to the CNS

33
Q

what is paired with the anterior SCC

A

posterior SCC

34
Q

what is paired with the posterior SCC

A

anterior SCC

35
Q

what is paired with the horizontal SCC

A

horizontal SCC

36
Q

How does the body know we are not moving?

A

our paired system

37
Q

How does our body know it is moving?

A

one side is inhibited and one is stimulated

38
Q

why do I not see spontaneous nystagmus with a PT that comes in? How can we override this?

A

can have spontaneous nystagmus that you cannot see in a well lit room with some visual stimulus to fixate on so the vision will override the spontaneous nystagmus
when you take this away, the spontaneous nystagmus can show up when they cannot focus on something

39
Q

CNS integrates vestibular information looking for balanced inputs from

A

both sides

40
Q

If there is an imbalance in the neural inputs/firing rates

A

some accommodation, eye or body movement needs to take place.

41
Q

when can compensation occur

A

if the lesion is to a peripheral vestibular organ and the other side is intact.

42
Q

Sense that the world is spinning or that your head or body is spinning

A

vertigo

43
Q

objects/world spinning

A

objective

44
Q

self spinning

A

subjective

45
Q

Fainting
Partial or complete loss of consciousness

A

syncope

46
Q

light headedness

A

presyncope

47
Q

what can cause syncope

A

Temporary with recovery
From reduction in blood flow and O2 to the brain

48
Q

when we can stop/control the nystagmus

A

fixation

49
Q

what allows us to override the feeling of dizzines

A

fixation

50
Q
A

AUDE 5260 Human Anatomy & Neuroanatomy (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions