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AUDE 5260 Human Anatomy & Neuroanatomy > Final Exam (2-Cardio On) > Flashcards

Final Exam (2-Cardio On) Flashcards

1
Q

what type of muscle is the heart

A

striated muslce

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2
Q

an infection of the inner lining of the heart usually involving the heart valves

A

endocarditis

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3
Q

Receives blood from upper body

A

superior vena cava

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4
Q

Receives blood from lower body

A

inferior vena cava

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5
Q

drains blood from heart

A

coronary sinus

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6
Q

Carries deoxygenated blood to lungs

A

pulmonary trunk (right and left pulmonary arteries)

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7
Q

return oxygenated blood to heart

A

pulmonary veins (4)

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8
Q

carries oxygenated blood out to body

A

ascending aorta

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9
Q

has 3 leaflets, flow from left ventricle to the aorta and then to the body

A

aortic semilunar valve

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10
Q

has 2 leaflets between left ventricle and atrium, flow from lungs into left atrium and then to left ventricle

A

mitral valve (bicuspid)

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11
Q

has 3 leaflets, flow from right ventricle to pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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12
Q

3 leaflets, allows flow from right atrium to right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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13
Q

blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body
Primarily oxygenated blood, higher pressure
thicker and stronger

A

arteries

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14
Q

blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart from other parts of the body
Carries blood that is low in oxygen, lower pressure
less elastic
contain valves

A

veins

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15
Q

superficial vein of the neck that drains blood from the parotid gland, most of the scalp, side of the face, Takes blood back to the heart.

A

external jugular vein

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16
Q

assists more with drainage if internal jugular is compressed/compromised

A

external jugular vein

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17
Q

how many layers are in arteries and veins

A

3

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18
Q

openings in blood vessels

A

lumen

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19
Q

junction of blood vessels (circle of willis)

A

anastomosis

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20
Q

gas nutrient and waste exchange
in vasculature

A

capillaries

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21
Q

Outer (superficial skin and auricular arteries and temporalis muscles) is supplied by

A

external carotid

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22
Q

blood to brain, eyes, etc.

A

internal carotid

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23
Q

blood to face and mouth

A

external carotid

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24
Q

explain the purpose of the circle of willis

A

The Circle of Willis is an arrangement of interconnected vascular channels that ensure that the (oxygenated) blood flow to the brain continues unimpeded, in case any of the principal suppliers are obstructed by injury, physical pressure or disease.

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25
Q

makes up 95% of the blood cells
have name and color from hemoglobin

A

erythrocytes

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26
Q

hemoglobin appears red when carrying _____ and darker red when carrying ______

A

O2, CO2

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27
Q

to do stuff for immune system

A

leukocytes

28
Q

types of leukocytes

A

granular
agranular

29
Q

granular leukocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

30
Q

agranular leukocytes

A

monocytes
lymphocytes

31
Q

describe blood clotting

A

thrombocytes attract to area of rupture in blood cell, they will form fibrin (fiber mesh net) to catch platelets and cause a dam to clog so the blood will stop rushing out
also mechanism for clot to retract and dissolve so it doesn’t stay for ever and become an embolism in the blood floating around to cause more issues (syneresis and fibrinolysis)

32
Q

a foreign body (blood clot) that travels within the body and can constrict blood flow (could be detached thrombus)

A

embolus

33
Q

a blood clot, a lesion attached to the inner vessel wall, can block partially or fully the flow of blood. (attached)

A

thrombus

34
Q

describe the plasma protein albumin

A

things bind to it to travel around the blood flow in our system o they can transfer across the cell membrane to the tissues

35
Q

describe the functions of blood

A

Transports: O2, CO2, nutrients, waste, hormones
Regulates: body pH, body temperature
Clotting mechanism
Protection against foreign microbes and toxins
Osmosis - moving fluids between tissues

36
Q

where are all blood cells produced

A

red bone marrow

37
Q

what are some audiology correlations for the respiratory system

A

Tissues of the Eustachian tube can become swollen from a cold or upper respiratory infection, and not open and close well—causing problems in the middle ear.
It’s possible for infection to spread from the nose and throat area through the Eustachian tube to the middle ear, which is one of the causes of middle ear infections
Allergies can cause pressure build-up and mild conductive hearing loss thru a reaction on the skin like itching or swelling of the outer ear and ear canal

38
Q

our digestive system have accessory organs, what are they and how do they help out with it? what do they contribute?

A

Process begins before you’ve even ingested anything; smell and sight of food causes oral and gastric secretions
Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces.
Tongue mixes food with saliva, which is made by salivary glands (contains amylase, which helps break down starch).
Forms food bolus (bulge or ball)
Air passageways close (epiglottis)
he liver is to produce bile and export it to the duodenum. The gallbladder primarily stores, concentrates, and releases bile. The pancreas produces pancreatic juice, which contains digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions, and delivers it to the duodenum

39
Q

system concerned with getting food and nutrients into the body and waste out of the body

A

digestive system

40
Q

involved in processing food and nutrients to keep the body healthy

A

digestive system

41
Q

what is included in the GI tract

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine & rectum

42
Q

what are the accessory organs of GI tract

A

tongue, teeth, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

43
Q

Common passageway for food and air

A

pharynx

44
Q

flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it

A

epiglottis

45
Q

responsible for metabolism (biotransformation) of many things
changing something, breaking it down and altering it to be used or excreted
synthesis and storage

A

liver

46
Q

how many lobes are in the liver and what are they

A

4
right, left, caudate, and quadrate

47
Q

Stores and concentrates bile until needed

A

gall bladder

48
Q

removal of gallbladder, can do well without it just lose some storage and timing of getting bile into our GI tract

A

cholecystectomy

49
Q

what is bile and what makes it

A

liver
he detergent produced by the liver that facilitates the excretion and absorption of lipophilic (fatty) substances

50
Q

presence of gall stones

A

Cholelithiasis

51
Q

what are the phases of GI tract

A

1) Ingestion
2) Propulsion (Movement)
3) Mechanical Digestion
Chewing, tearing, grinding, mashing, mixing
4) Chemical Digestion
Enzymatic reactions take place to improve process
Helps breakdown carbs, proteins and lipids
5) Absorption
6) Defecation
take food in first (ingest) usually through the mouth
have it move from mouth down esophagus to stomach (propulsion)
crunching it, breaking, etc, chew, teeth help tear it, stomach churns - mechanical
saliva, other juices it touches along the way - chemical
cellulose we dont need is put out the rectum through defecation

52
Q

what part of GI tract is biggest place for absorbing nutrients to blood flow?

A

small intestine

53
Q

what are gall stones made out of

A

cholesterol or calcium

54
Q

Temporarily stores ingested liquids and solids until they are released into the small intestine
Secretes gastric juice that is involved with chemical digestion

A

stomach

55
Q

parts of the stomach

A

lower esophageal sphincter
fundus
body
pyloric sphincter
duodendum

56
Q

absorption of digested food

A

intestines

57
Q

site of nutrient absorption in intestines

A

villi

58
Q

Reabsorption of water; manufacture and absorption of vitamins; feces

A

large intestines

59
Q

propulsion & storage of unabsorbed material
place of residence for flora (bacteria)
absorption of small amounts of water and electrolytes

A

colon

60
Q

Production of insulin & glucagon
it is the source of HCO3- to neutralize gastric acid
it is the source of many digestive enzymes

A

pancreas

61
Q

It causes inflammation of your digestive tract, which can lead to abdominal pain, severe diarrhea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition

A

crohn’s disease

62
Q

long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the small intestine
reaction to glutein

A

celiac disease

63
Q

bacterial disease usually spread through contaminated water.
causes severe diarrhea and dehydration.

A

cholera

64
Q

hyperbilirubinemia
a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the whites of the eyes caused by increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood.

A

jaundice

65
Q

an inflammation of the appendix, a finger-shaped pouch that projects from your colon on the lower right side of your abdomen

A

appendicitis

66
Q

why is inflammatory bowel disease a concern for audiologists?

A

SNHL, the hearing loss is attributable to autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED).
May also result from autoimmune treatment

AUDE 5260 Human Anatomy & Neuroanatomy (24 decks)

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