Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders

Question 1

Which individual meets the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia? Assume that each individual has been experiencing their symptoms for at least one month.
A) Catie, who is experiencing avolition ad catatonia
B) Ava, who is experiencing avolition and flattened affect
C) Bernia, who is experiencing flattened affect and whose speech is disorganized
D) Darius, who is experiencing flattened affect and catatonia

Answer 1

C) Bernia, who is experiencing flattened affect and whose speech is disorganized

Question 2

_____ was the second drug to be developed and marketed for the treatment of schizophrenia.
A) Lithium
B) Reserpine
C) Imipramine
D) Chlorpromazine

Answer 2

B) Reserpine

Question 3

The degree to which typical antipsychotics bind to D2 receptors is highly correlated with their:
A) Ability to trigger a schizophrenia like episode
B) Effectiveness in suppressing schizophrenic symptoms
C) Effectiveness in increasing the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
D) Ability to suppress the onset of schizophrenia

Answer 3

B) Effectiveness in suppressing schizophrenic symptoms

Question 4

LSD is a:
A) Dissociative hallucinogen
B) Drug that is now routinely prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia
C) Psychedelic hallucinogen
D) Cannabinoid

Answer 4

C) Psychedelic hallucinogen

Question 5

Light therapy can help relieve the symptoms of:
A) Peripartum depression
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Minor depressive disorder
D) Seasonal affective disorder

Answer 5

D) Seasonal affective disorder

Question 6

Ketamine is:
A) An atypical antidepressant
B) A NMDA receptor antagonist
C) A tricyclic antidepressant
D) A monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Answer 6

B) A NMDA receptor antagonist

Question 7

High-frequency rTMS and low-frequency rTMS are believed to _________ and ___________, respectively, activity within those brain regions to which it is applied.
A) Stimulate; inhibit
B) Inhibit; inhibit
C) Stimulate; stimulate
D) Inhibit; stimulate

Answer 7

A) Stimulate; inhibit

Question 8

The neuroplasticity theory of depression is that depression results from a decrease of neuroplastic processes in various brain structures which leads to:
A) Increases in neuron numbers
B) Increase in glial cells
C) Decreases in synaptic pruning
D) Neuron loss

Answer 8

D) Neuron loss

Question 9

In meta-analyses of MRI studies of depressed patients, consistent reductions in gray matter volumes have been reported in the:
A) Fornix
B) Striatum
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Septum

Answer 9

C) Prefrontal cortex

Question 10

According to the textbook, _____ has among the highest rates of attempted and completed suicide of all the disorders.
A) Tourette’s
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Agoraphobia

Answer 10

B) Bipolar disorder

Question 11

There was little immediate reaction to Cade’s report that lithium helped alleviate the symptoms of manic patients. This was because:
A) Few drug companies were interested in spending money to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a metallic ion that could not be protected by a patent
B) Few drug companies were interested in spending money to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a metallic ion that Cade was responsible for discovering
C) Cade never disseminated his results at conferences or in publications
D) Cade used only guinea pigs in his research

Answer 11

A) Few drug companies were interested in spending money to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a metallic ion that could not be protected by a patent

Question 12

There have been reports of several specific brain structures being smaller in bipolar patients, including the:
A) Striatum
B) Amygdala
C) Caudate
D) Hippocampus

Answer 12

D) Hippocampus

Question 13

Meta-analyses of fMRI studies of bipolar patients have found abnormal activation in the:
A) Parietal cortex
B) Occipital cortex
C) Frontal cortex
D) Amygdala

Answer 13

C) Frontal cortex

Question 14

The excessive decrease in reward seeking when individuals with bipolar disorder fail to achieve their goals is an example of:
A) Hypomania
B) Mood stabilization
C) Reward hypersensitivity
D) A mixed state

Answer 14

C) Reward hypersensitivity

Question 15

______ disorder(s) is/are the most prevalent of all psychological disorders.
A) Anxiety
B) Dissociative
C) Major depressive
D) Schizophrenia spectrum

Answer 15

A) Anxiety

Question 16

Which is a drug that is often used to treat anxiety disorders?
A) Chlorpromazine
B) Ketamine
C) Diazepam
D) LSD

Answer 16

C) Diazepam

Question 17

Many anxiolytic drugs are agonists at either ___________ receptors or ________ receptors.
A) Glutamate; dopamine
B) GABA(A); serotonin
C) Dopamine; acetylcholine
D) Dopamine; NMDA

Answer 17

B) GABA(A); serotonin

Question 18

Echolalia is:
A) Repeating one’s own words
B) Repeating the words of a celebrity
C) Repeating the words of another person
D) An inability to hear echoes

Answer 18

C) Repeating the words of another person

Question 19

Some patients with Tourette’s disorder also display symptoms of:
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) ADHD
D) Antisocial personality disorder

Answer 19

C) ADHD

Question 20

The tics of Tourette’s disorder are usually treated with:
A) Antidepressants
B) Lithium
C) Buspirone
D) Antipsychotics

Answer 20

D) Antipsychotics

Question 21

Patients with Tourette’s disorder tend to have smaller _________ volumes.
A) Hippocampal
B) Cerebellar
C) Amygdalar
D) Striatal

Answer 21

D) Striatal

Question 22

There is evidence of dysfunctional ___________ and ___________ signaling within the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical brain circuits in Tourette’s disorder.
A) Dopaminergic; GABAergic
B) Serotonergic; cholinergic
C) GABAergic; serotonergic
D) Adrenergic; serotonergic

Answer 22

A) Dopaminergic; GABAergic

Question 23

In most clinical trials, patients are assigned to:
A) Drug or placebo groups according to the severity of their illness
B) Drug or placebo groups randomly and are told which treatment they are receiving
C) drug or placebo groups randomly and are not told which treatment they are receiving
D) drug or active placebo groups randomly and do not know for sure which treatment they are receiving.

Answer 23

C) drug or placebo groups randomly and are not told which treatment they are receiving

Question 24

Active placebos are:
A) control drugs that have no therapeutic effect but produce side effects similar to those produced by the drug under evaluation.
B) Often sugar pills
C) Control drugs that have no therapeutic effect
D) drugs that have a therapeutic effect that is slightly different from the drug under evaluation.

Answer 24

A) control drugs that have no therapeutic effect but produce side effects similar to those produced by the drug under evaluation.

Question 25

Orphan Drugs are:
A) drugs that are likely to be extremely profitable.
B) drugs for which the market is too small for them to be profitable.
C) drugs that are designed to treat disorders associated with being an orphan.
D) drugs that are abandoned by pharmaceutical companies.

Answer 25

B) drugs for which the market is too small for them to be profitable.

Question 26

The majority of those in the medical and research professions accept that randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are the essential critical test of any new psychotherapeutic drug because
A) assessment of psychotherapeutic drug efficacy is totally objective
B) psychiatric disorders rarely respond to placebos.
C) assessment of psychiatric disorder severity is subjective and can be greatly influenced by the expectations of the therapist.
D) psychotherapeutic drugs are usually discovered accidentally.

Answer 26

C) assessment of psychiatric disorder severity is subjective and can be greatly influenced by the expectations of the therapist.