252 Final Review Flashcards
How is the arm positioned for an AP scapula?
Abducted 90 degrees, forearm flexed
The acromial extremity of the clavicle articulates with the what?
Acromion process of the scapula
The central-ray angulation for a PA projection of the sternoclavicular joint is what?
0 degrees
The space between each of the ribs is called the what?
Intercostal spaces
For the PA oblique projection (scapular Y) of the shoulder, the body is rotated so that the midcoronal plane is how many degrees from the IR?
45 to 60 degrees
How many pounds of weight should be affixed to each wrist for the AP projection of the AC joint?
5-10 lbs.
The AP projection of the AC joints places the joints at an increased OID. What is the recommended SID to compensate for this distance?
72 in. SID
To obtain a more uniform image density, the respiration phase for the AP projection of the clavicle should be what?
Expiration
What is the essential projection and body position for demonstration of the sternum?
PA oblique, RAO
For the lateral projection of the scapula, the body is placed in which position?
RAO or LAO
For delineation of the acromion and coracoid processes of the scapula in the lateral projection, the arm is positioned as follows:
Flex the elbow and place the hand on the posterior thorax
The central-ray angle for an AP axial projection of the clavicle when performed on a patient in the supine position is what?
15 to 30 degrees
The clavicle is classified as a (type of bone) ?
Long bone
The scapula is classified as a (type of bone)?
Flat bone
Where is the CR centered for a PA oblique sternum?
Level of T7
All of the joints of the shoulder girdle are ?
Synovial, freely movable
Which SID is recommended for the lateral projection of the sternum for management of magnification?
72 in. SID
The 10 costochondral joints of the ribs are ?
Cartilaginous—synchondroses
Both AC joints, with and without weights, must be image at the same time for proper diagnosis. (TRUE/FALSE?)
True
Which ribs are demonstrated on an AP oblique projection?
Side closest to the IR
When viewed from the side, the vertebral column presents how many curves?
Four
The articulations between the articular processes of the vertebral arches are called the what?
Zygapophyseal joints
Spinal nerves and blood vessels exit the spinal column through the what?
Intervertebral foramina
Which vertebral process projects posteriorly from the junction of the laminae and pedicles?
Transverse processes
The zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine are clearly demonstrated on which projection?
Lateral C-spine
Which method is used to demonstrate the dens within the foramen magnum?
Fuchs Method
The central-ray angle for an AP axial cervical vertebrae is what?
15 to 20 degrees cephalad
How are small weights applied to the arms for the lateral projection of the cervical spine?
Affixed to the wrists
Where is the IR centered for a lateral cervical spine?
Fourth cervical vertebra
The respiration phase for a lateral cervical spine is what?
Full expiration
Where is the central ray centered for a hyperflexion or hyperextension lateral cervical spine?
Fourth cervical vertebra
Which projections of the cervical spine will demonstrate the lower five zygapophyseal joints of the cervical spine?
-Lateral
-Flexion
-Extension
How much is the body rotated for an AP axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
45 degrees
What is the recommended SID for the AP axial oblique projection of the cervical spine?
60-72” SID
How much is the body rotated for a PA axial oblique projection of the cervical intervertebral foramina?
45 degrees
Which method uses a chewing motion (wagging jaw) of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine in an AP projection?
Ottonello Method
The recommended SID for a dorsal decubitus (cross-table) lateral projection of the cervical spine on a trauma patient is what?
60-72” SID