Cross Sectional Anatomy / CT

Question 1

a vertical plane that passes through the body, dividing it into right and left portions

Answer 1

Sagittal

Question 2

a vertical plane that passes through the body, dividing it into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions

Answer 2

Coronal

Question 3

a horizontal plane that passes through the body, dividing it into superior and inferior portions

Answer 3

Axial (transverse)

Question 4

a plane that passes diagonally between the axes of two other planes

Answer 4

Oblique

Question 5

on the opposite side

Answer 5

Contralateral

Question 6

toward the feet

Answer 6

Caudal

Question 7

toward a reference point or source within the body

Answer 7

Proximal

Question 8

back of the knee

Answer 8

Popliteal

Question 9

side of trunk adjoining the lumbar region

Answer 9

Flank

Question 10

Where is the aortic arch located?

Answer 10

2.5cm below the jugular notch

Question 11

What quadrant is the small intestine located in?

Answer 11

Most: LLQ Some: RUQ and RLQ

Question 12

What part of the body does inguinal refer to?

Answer 12

Groin

Question 13

What are the main cavities of the body?

Answer 13

Dorsal and Ventral

Question 14

What are the subcategories of the dorsal cavity?

Answer 14

Located posteriorly and includes cranial and spinal cavities

Question 15

What are the subcategories of the ventral cavity?

Answer 15

(largest) includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Question 16

Ventral Cavity- Thoracic Cavity- _______ cavity and ________ cavity

Answer 16

2 lateral pleural, central mediastinum

Question 17

Dorsal Cavity- Abdominal Cavity- _________ cavity and _______ cavity

Answer 17

abdominal, pelvic

Question 18

Which parameter allows adjustment of the grey scale?

Answer 18

windowing - window width allows the adjustment of gray scale and window level sets the density of the image

Question 19

Which CT number is used to refer to water?

Answer 19

Zero

Question 20

What bone is the cribiform plate a part of?

Answer 20

ethimoid (also referred to as the horizontal portion)

Question 21

Which facial bone forms the lower portion of the nasal septum?

Answer 21

vomer

Question 22

What are the structures of the inner ear?

Answer 22

aka bony labyrinth- vestibule and semicircular canals. cochlea,

Question 23

What bones form the largest portion of the sides of the cranium?

Answer 23

parietal

Question 24

Which bones articulate with the parietal bones?

Answer 24

frontal, occipital, temporal and sphenoid

Question 25

What structure houses the pituitary (hypophysis) gland?

Answer 25

sella turcica of sphenoid

Question 26

What part of the inner ear is responsible for hearing?

Answer 26

cochlea

Question 27

What is pia matter?

Answer 27

The inner layer of the arachnoid membrane- it is highly vascular and adheres closely to the contours of the brain

Question 28

The lateral ventricles communicate inferiorly with the 3rd ventricle via the paired ___________ foramen.

Answer 28

interventricular (foramen of Monro)

Question 29

What is gyri?

Answer 29

The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain and is divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere contains neural tissue arranged in folds called gyri.

Question 30

What are the major segments of the brainstem?

Answer 30

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

Question 31

What area of the brain can be divided into the major segments: cerebral peduncles and tectum.

Answer 31

midbrain

Question 32

How is the intervertebral foramina formed?

Answer 32

by the superior and inferior arches of the pedicles

Question 33

The transverse processes of the sacrum join to form what?

Answer 33

lateral masses or ala

Question 34

The ligamentum nuchae continues inferiorly as the what (in the cervical spine)

Answer 34

supraspinous ligament

Question 35

What is the most inferior portion of the spinal cord called (at T12-L1)

Answer 35

conus medullarus

Question 36

Which ventral rami does the brachial plexis arise from?

Answer 36

5 ventral rami of C5-C7 and T1

Question 37

What are the largest pair of salivary glands?

Answer 37

parotid

Question 38

How many unpaired cartilages make up the larynx

Answer 38

3

Question 39

The pharangeal tonsils are also known as what

Answer 39

adenoids

Question 40

The cricoid cartilage forms the base of what

Answer 40

larynx

Question 41

The thyroid cartilage consists of laminae that unite anteriorly to form a shield to protect what?

Answer 41

vocal cords

Question 42

What structures does the ooropharynx extend between

Answer 42

posterior extension of the oral cavity that extends from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone

Question 43

At the level of the cricoid cartilage, the esophagus continues from the what?

Answer 43

descends through the thoracic cavity between the trachea and the anterior longitudinal ligaments of the vertebrae

Question 44

When the true vocal cords are in a relaxed state they create an opening called the what

Answer 44

glottis

Question 45

how many C shaped pieces of cartilage reinforce the trachea

Answer 45

16-20

Question 46

What laryngeal cartilage is the thyroid gland located in

Answer 46

cricoid

Question 47

How many levels or regions are the lymph nodes divided into

Answer 47

7

Question 48

What CT plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

Answer 48

Axial plane

Question 49

What CT planes divide the body into anterior and posterior portions

Answer 49

coronal plane

Question 50

What CT plane divides the body into right and left portions

Answer 50

sagital plane

Question 51

What controls the overall gray level and affects image contrast?

Answer 51

window width

Question 52

What is the area of anatomy displayed on the monitor? (can be adjusted to include entire body section or a specific part of the patient anatomy being scanned)

Answer 52

Field of View (FOV)

Question 53

What is the individual pixel with the associated volume of tissue based on the slice thickness?

Answer 53

Voxel (volume element)

Question 54

What is any noise in the image that is a result of random variation in the number of x-ray photons detected?

Answer 54

Quantum noise

Question 55

What is the ability to identify visibly anatomic structures and small objects of high contrast?

Answer 55

Spatial Resolution

Question 56

What is the ability of CT system to freeze motion of the scanned object? (the shortest amount of time needed to acquire a complete data set)

Answer 56

temporal resolution

Question 57

What is data acquisition method that combines continuous gantry rotation with continuous table movement to form a helical path of scan data? (also known as spiral CT)

Answer 57

helical CT

Question 58

What is another name for helical CT?

Answer 58

spiral CT

Question 59

What is the number used to describe average density of tissue?

Answer 59

Hounsfield unit (HU)

Question 60

What is the mathematical formula for calculation made up of individual cells for number assignment?

Answer 60

Matrix

Question 61

What is the ability to differentiate between small variation in density?

Answer 61

contrast resolution

Question 62

What is one individual cell surface within an image matrix used for image display?

Answer 62

pixel (picture element)

Question 63

What is the electronic component of CT scanner that measures remnant radiation exiting the patient, converting the radiation to an analog signal proportionate to the radiation intensity measured?

Answer 63

detector assembly

Question 64

What is a part of the detector assembly that converts analog signals to digital signals that can be used by the CT computer?

Answer 64

data acquisition system (DAS)

Question 65

What is part of the CT scanner that houses x-ray tube, cooling system, detector assembly, and DAS?

Answer 65

gantry

Question 66

What is the gantry often referred to as?

Answer 66

the doughnut

Question 67

What is the electronic component used for radiation detection? (made of either high density photo reactive crystals or pressurized stable gases)

Answer 67

Detector

Question 68

In CT what are the methods of contrast media administration?

Answer 68

intravenously orally rectally

Question 69

Dose is affected by patient body size or body part?

Answer 69

body size

Question 70

What are the three things for 3D reconstruction of an image?

Answer 70

construction segmentation rendering/shadowing

Question 71

What part of 3D reconstruction: a volume of 3D data from the original 2D CT image data?

Answer 71

construction

Question 72

What part of 3D reconstruction: crop or edit the target objects from the reconstructed data. (eliminates unwanted information from the CT data)

Answer 72

segmentation

Question 73

What part of 3D reconstruction: provides depth perception to the final image

Answer 73

rendering/shading

Question 74

What are the 3 major components in CT?

Answer 74

-computer -operating console -gantry, patient table