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RADT 252 - Radiographic Procedures III > Cross Sectional Anatomy / CT > Flashcards

Cross Sectional Anatomy / CT Flashcards

1
Q

a vertical plane that passes through the body, dividing it into right and left portions

A

Sagittal

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2
Q

a vertical plane that passes through the body, dividing it into anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) portions

A

Coronal

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3
Q

a horizontal plane that passes through the body, dividing it into superior and inferior portions

A

Axial (transverse)

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4
Q

a plane that passes diagonally between the axes of two other planes

A

Oblique

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5
Q

on the opposite side

A

Contralateral

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6
Q

toward the feet

A

Caudal

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7
Q

toward a reference point or source within the body

A

Proximal

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8
Q

back of the knee

A

Popliteal

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9
Q

side of trunk adjoining the lumbar region

A

Flank

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10
Q

Where is the aortic arch located?

A

2.5cm below the jugular notch

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11
Q

What quadrant is the small intestine located in?

A

Most: LLQ Some: RUQ and RLQ

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12
Q

What part of the body does inguinal refer to?

A

Groin

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13
Q

What are the main cavities of the body?

A

Dorsal and Ventral

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14
Q

What are the subcategories of the dorsal cavity?

A

Located posteriorly and includes cranial and spinal cavities

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15
Q

What are the subcategories of the ventral cavity?

A

(largest) includes thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

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16
Q

Ventral Cavity- Thoracic Cavity- _______ cavity and ________ cavity

A

2 lateral pleural, central mediastinum

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17
Q

Dorsal Cavity- Abdominal Cavity- _________ cavity and _______ cavity

A

abdominal, pelvic

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18
Q

Which parameter allows adjustment of the grey scale?

A

windowing - window width allows the adjustment of gray scale and window level sets the density of the image

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19
Q

Which CT number is used to refer to water?

A

Zero

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20
Q

What bone is the cribiform plate a part of?

A

ethimoid (also referred to as the horizontal portion)

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21
Q

Which facial bone forms the lower portion of the nasal septum?

A

vomer

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22
Q

What are the structures of the inner ear?

A

aka bony labyrinth- vestibule and semicircular canals. cochlea,

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23
Q

What bones form the largest portion of the sides of the cranium?

A

parietal

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24
Q

Which bones articulate with the parietal bones?

A

frontal, occipital, temporal and sphenoid

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25
Q

What structure houses the pituitary (hypophysis) gland?

A

sella turcica of sphenoid

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26
Q

What part of the inner ear is responsible for hearing?

A

cochlea

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27
Q

What is pia matter?

A

The inner layer of the arachnoid membrane- it is highly vascular and adheres closely to the contours of the brain

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28
Q

The lateral ventricles communicate inferiorly with the 3rd ventricle via the paired ___________ foramen.

A

interventricular (foramen of Monro)

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29
Q

What is gyri?

A

The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain and is divided into left and right cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere contains neural tissue arranged in folds called gyri.

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30
Q

What are the major segments of the brainstem?

A

midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata

31
Q

What area of the brain can be divided into the major segments: cerebral peduncles and tectum.

A

midbrain

32
Q

How is the intervertebral foramina formed?

A

by the superior and inferior arches of the pedicles

33
Q

The transverse processes of the sacrum join to form what?

A

lateral masses or ala

34
Q

The ligamentum nuchae continues inferiorly as the what (in the cervical spine)

A

supraspinous ligament

35
Q

What is the most inferior portion of the spinal cord called (at T12-L1)

A

conus medullarus

36
Q

Which ventral rami does the brachial plexis arise from?

A

5 ventral rami of C5-C7 and T1

37
Q

What are the largest pair of salivary glands?

A

parotid

38
Q

How many unpaired cartilages make up the larynx

A

3

39
Q

The pharangeal tonsils are also known as what

A

adenoids

40
Q

The cricoid cartilage forms the base of what

A

larynx

41
Q

The thyroid cartilage consists of laminae that unite anteriorly to form a shield to protect what?

A

vocal cords

42
Q

What structures does the ooropharynx extend between

A

posterior extension of the oral cavity that extends from the soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone

43
Q

At the level of the cricoid cartilage, the esophagus continues from the what?

A

descends through the thoracic cavity between the trachea and the anterior longitudinal ligaments of the vertebrae

44
Q

When the true vocal cords are in a relaxed state they create an opening called the what

A

glottis

45
Q

how many C shaped pieces of cartilage reinforce the trachea

A

16-20

46
Q

What laryngeal cartilage is the thyroid gland located in

A

cricoid

47
Q

How many levels or regions are the lymph nodes divided into

A

7

48
Q

What CT plane divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

A

Axial plane

49
Q

What CT planes divide the body into anterior and posterior portions

A

coronal plane

50
Q

What CT plane divides the body into right and left portions

A

sagital plane

51
Q

What controls the overall gray level and affects image contrast?

A

window width

52
Q

What is the area of anatomy displayed on the monitor?
(can be adjusted to include entire body section or a specific part of the patient anatomy being scanned)

A

Field of View (FOV)

53
Q

What is the individual pixel with the associated volume of tissue based on the slice thickness?

A

Voxel (volume element)

54
Q

What is any noise in the image that is a result of random variation in the number of x-ray photons detected?

A

Quantum noise

55
Q

What is the ability to identify visibly anatomic structures and small objects of high contrast?

A

Spatial Resolution

56
Q

What is the ability of CT system to freeze motion of the scanned object? (the shortest amount of time needed to acquire a complete data set)

A

temporal resolution

57
Q

What is data acquisition method that combines continuous gantry rotation with continuous table movement to form a helical path of scan data? (also known as spiral CT)

A

helical CT

58
Q

What is another name for helical CT?

A

spiral CT

59
Q

What is the number used to describe average density of tissue?

A

Hounsfield unit (HU)

60
Q

What is the mathematical formula for calculation made up of individual cells for number assignment?

A

Matrix

61
Q

What is the ability to differentiate between small variation in density?

A

contrast resolution

62
Q

What is one individual cell surface within an image matrix used for image display?

A

pixel (picture element)

63
Q

What is the electronic component of CT scanner that measures remnant radiation exiting the patient, converting the radiation to an analog signal proportionate to the radiation intensity measured?

A

detector assembly

64
Q

What is a part of the detector assembly that converts analog signals to digital signals that can be used by the CT computer?

A

data acquisition system (DAS)

65
Q

What is part of the CT scanner that houses x-ray tube, cooling system, detector assembly, and DAS?

A

gantry

66
Q

What is the gantry often referred to as?

A

the doughnut

67
Q

What is the electronic component used for radiation detection? (made of either high density photo reactive crystals or pressurized stable gases)

A

Detector

68
Q

In CT what are the methods of contrast media administration?

A

intravenously
orally
rectally

69
Q

Dose is affected by patient body size or body part?

A

body size

70
Q

What are the three things for 3D reconstruction of an image?

A

construction
segmentation
rendering/shadowing

71
Q

What part of 3D reconstruction:
a volume of 3D data from the original 2D CT image data?

A

construction

72
Q

What part of 3D reconstruction:
crop or edit the target objects from the reconstructed data. (eliminates unwanted information from the CT data)

A

segmentation

73
Q

What part of 3D reconstruction:
provides depth perception to the final image

A

rendering/shading

74
Q

What are the 3 major components in CT?

A

-computer
-operating console
-gantry, patient table

RADT 252 - Radiographic Procedures III (7 decks)

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