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RADT 252 - Radiographic Procedures III > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

In early life, the vertebral column consists of how many bones?

A

33

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2
Q

Which are the true vertebrae and how many are there?

A

CTL vertebrae, 24

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3
Q

which vertebral curves convex anteriorly?

A

lordotic curves

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4
Q

which vertebral curves concave anteriorly?

A

kyphotic curves

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5
Q

curve for cervical region

A

lordotic

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6
Q

curve for thoracic region

A

kyphotic

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7
Q

curve for lumbar region

A

lordotic

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8
Q

curve for pelvic region

A

kyphotic

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9
Q

a condition of abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

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10
Q

a condition of increased kyphotic curve of the thoracic spine

A

kyphosis

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11
Q

Connects the transverse process with spinous process

A

Laminae

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12
Q

Angulation of Swimmers

A

3-5 degrees caudad

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13
Q

Solid anterior part of vertebra

A

Body

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14
Q

Articular process

A

Z joint

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15
Q

Process extending laterally from the pedicle-lamina junction.

A

Transverse process

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16
Q

Process extending posteriorly from the junction of both laminae

A

Spinous process

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17
Q

Process extending laterally and posteriorly from the body

A

Pedicles

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18
Q

Pedicle is posterior to vertebral body on oblique l-spine, patient is under or over rotated?

A

over

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19
Q

Pedicle is anterior to vertebral body on oblique l-spine, patient is under or over rotated?

A

under

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20
Q

L5-S1 Lateral angulation if spine is not in true horizontal position

A

5 degrees caudal male
8 degrees caudal female

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21
Q

Lateral L-Spine, no sponge angulation

A

hips
5 degrees caudal males
8 degrees caudal females

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22
Q

Lumbo-sacral AP CR

A

L4

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23
Q

L-Spine AP CR

A

L3

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24
Q

Lateral T-Spine, no sponge angulation

A

shoulders
10 degrees females
15 degrees males

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25
Q

Anode heel effect for T-Spine does what

A

cathode at feet sends greatest amount of radiation to thickest part

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26
Q

C-Spine Oblique Rotation and CR angle

A

45 degree rotation 15-20 degree cephalad

27
Q

When should the Fuchs not be done

A

if fracture or degenerative disease of the upper cervical region is suspected

28
Q

Forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower vertebra, usually L5-S1

A

Spondylolisthesis

29
Q

Lumbar vertebrae-part of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes is called _____

A

pars interarticularis

30
Q

Which is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine?

A

AP oblique, RPO and LPO position

31
Q

The zygapophyseal joints of the vertebral column are classified as:

A

synovial—gliding

32
Q

The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes on a typical lumbar vertebra is called the:

A

pars interarticularis

33
Q

Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.

A

Lamina

34
Q

Which of the following methods is used to evaluate the thoracic and lumbar spine during scoliosis radiography?

A

Ferguson

35
Q

The Grandy method is a(n):

A

lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae

36
Q

Which of the following devices should be used to improve image quality on the lateral projection of the sacrum or coccyx?
1. Sandbags
2. Close collimation
3. Sheet of leaded rubber

A

Close collimation, Sheet of leaded rubber

37
Q

Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a “Scottie dog”?
1. Lateral
2. AP oblique
3. PA oblique

A

AP oblique, PA oblique

38
Q

Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?

A

joints closest to the IR

39
Q

When the spine cannot be placed in a true horizontal position for the L5-S1 lateral projection, the central ray must be angled:

A

5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, caudad

40
Q

What describes the central-ray centering point for the L5-S1 lateral projection?

A

2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches below the iliac crest

41
Q

Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for the AP projection?
1. Flex the hips.
2. Flex the knees.
3. Flex the elbows.

A

Flex the hips, Flex the knees

42
Q

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?

A

T7

43
Q

What is the central-ray angulation for the lateral projection of the thoracic spine if the vertebral column is not elevated to a horizontal plane?

A

10 to 15° cephalad

44
Q

An abnormal increase in the convexity of the thoracic spine is termed:

A

Kyphosis

45
Q

Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint?
(1) AP oblique, LPO position
(2) AP oblique, RPO position
(3) PA oblique, RAO position

A

1 & 3

46
Q

What level is central ray directed for an AP lumbosacral spine?

A

Iliac crests

47
Q

The angle of the articulation between the sacrum and the ilia (the sacroiliac joints) is:

A

25 to 30°

48
Q

On each side of the sacral base is a large wing-like mass called the:

A

Ala

49
Q

Where does the central ray enter when positioned for a lateral sacrum?

A

At the level of the ASIS and 3.5 inches posterior

50
Q

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a PA projection performed. What is the central-ray angle for this projection?

A

15° caudad

51
Q

The central-ray angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is

A

15° cephalic

52
Q

How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the sacroiliac joint?

A

25 to 30°

53
Q

An abnormal increase in the convexity of the lumbar spine is termed:

A

Lordosis

54
Q

When only the lumbar vertebrae (not lumbosacral) are imaged in the AP projection, the central ray is directed:

A

1.5 inches above the iliac crest

55
Q

Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process?

A

T 1 - T 10

56
Q

If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled how many degrees and in what direction?

A

5° men, 8° women- caudad

57
Q

If the pedicle is posterior on vertebral body, this means the patient is rotated not enough. TRUE/FALSE?

A

False

58
Q

The average range of the angle of the L1-L3 zygapophyseal joints are ?

A

0 to 30 degrees

59
Q

If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray may have to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?

A

10 to 15° cephalic

60
Q

Ideally, the cathode end of an x-ray tube should be positioned to take advantage of the “heel effect” of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an AP thoracic spine?

A

Toward the feet

61
Q

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?

A

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

62
Q

the average range of the angle of the L4-S1 zygapophyseal joints are ?

A

45 to 60°

63
Q

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?

A

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

64
Q

Which method uses a chewing motion (wagging jaw) of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine in an AP projection?

A

Ottonello Method

RADT 252 - Radiographic Procedures III (7 decks)

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