Spine

Question 1

In early life, the vertebral column consists of how many bones?

Answer 1

33

Question 2

Which are the true vertebrae and how many are there?

Answer 2

CTL vertebrae, 24

Question 3

which vertebral curves convex anteriorly?

Answer 3

lordotic curves

Question 4

which vertebral curves concave anteriorly?

Answer 4

kyphotic curves

Question 5

curve for cervical region

Answer 5

lordotic

Question 6

curve for thoracic region

Answer 6

kyphotic

Question 7

curve for lumbar region

Answer 7

lordotic

Question 8

curve for pelvic region

Answer 8

kyphotic

Question 9

a condition of abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

Answer 9

scoliosis

Question 10

a condition of increased kyphotic curve of the thoracic spine

Answer 10

kyphosis

Question 11

Connects the transverse process with spinous process

Answer 11

Laminae

Question 12

Angulation of Swimmers

Answer 12

3-5 degrees caudad

Question 13

Solid anterior part of vertebra

Answer 13

Body

Question 14

Articular process

Answer 14

Z joint

Question 15

Process extending laterally from the pedicle-lamina junction.

Answer 15

Transverse process

Question 16

Process extending posteriorly from the junction of both laminae

Answer 16

Spinous process

Question 17

Process extending laterally and posteriorly from the body

Answer 17

Pedicles

Question 18

Pedicle is posterior to vertebral body on oblique l-spine, patient is under or over rotated?

Answer 18

over

Question 19

Pedicle is anterior to vertebral body on oblique l-spine, patient is under or over rotated?

Answer 19

under

Question 20

L5-S1 Lateral angulation if spine is not in true horizontal position

Answer 20

5 degrees caudal male
8 degrees caudal female

Question 21

Lateral L-Spine, no sponge angulation

Answer 21

hips
5 degrees caudal males
8 degrees caudal females

Question 22

Lumbo-sacral AP CR

Answer 22

L4

Question 23

L-Spine AP CR

Answer 23

L3

Question 24

Lateral T-Spine, no sponge angulation

Answer 24

shoulders
10 degrees females
15 degrees males

Question 25

Anode heel effect for T-Spine does what

Answer 25

cathode at feet sends greatest amount of radiation to thickest part

Question 26

C-Spine Oblique Rotation and CR angle

Answer 26

45 degree rotation 15-20 degree cephalad

Question 27

When should the Fuchs not be done

Answer 27

if fracture or degenerative disease of the upper cervical region is suspected

Question 28

Forward displacement of a vertebra over a lower vertebra, usually L5-S1

Answer 28

Spondylolisthesis

Question 29

Lumbar vertebrae-part of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes is called _____

Answer 29

pars interarticularis

Question 30

Which is the essential projection used to demonstrate the zygapophyseal joints of the lumbar spine?

Answer 30

AP oblique, RPO and LPO position

Question 31

The zygapophyseal joints of the vertebral column are classified as:

Answer 31

synovial—gliding

Question 32

The part of the lamina that lies between the superior and inferior articular processes on a typical lumbar vertebra is called the:

Answer 32

pars interarticularis

Question 33

Spina bifida is a congenital deformity of the vertebral column in which the ____ fail to unite posteriorly.

Answer 33

Lamina

Question 34

Which of the following methods is used to evaluate the thoracic and lumbar spine during scoliosis radiography?

Answer 34

Ferguson

Question 35

The Grandy method is a(n):

Answer 35

lateral projection of the cervical vertebrae

Question 36

Which of the following devices should be used to improve image quality on the lateral projection of the sacrum or coccyx? 1. Sandbags 2. Close collimation 3. Sheet of leaded rubber

Answer 36

Close collimation, Sheet of leaded rubber

Question 37

Which projection of the lumbar spine displays the vertebrae in the form of a "Scottie dog"? 1. Lateral 2. AP oblique 3. PA oblique

Answer 37

AP oblique, PA oblique

Question 38

Which zygapophyseal joints are demonstrated on the AP oblique projection of the lumbar spine?

Answer 38

joints closest to the IR

Question 39

When the spine cannot be placed in a true horizontal position for the L5-S1 lateral projection, the central ray must be angled:

Answer 39

5 degrees men, 8 degrees women, caudad

Question 40

What describes the central-ray centering point for the L5-S1 lateral projection?

Answer 40

2 inches posterior to the ASIS and 1.5 inches below the iliac crest

Question 41

Which of the following should be performed to reduce the lordotic curvature of the lumbar spine for the AP projection? 1. Flex the hips. 2. Flex the knees. 3. Flex the elbows.

Answer 41

Flex the hips, Flex the knees

Question 42

Where is the central ray directed for a lateral thoracic spine?

Answer 42

T7

Question 43

What is the central-ray angulation for the lateral projection of the thoracic spine if the vertebral column is not elevated to a horizontal plane?

Answer 43

10 to 15° cephalad

Question 44

An abnormal increase in the convexity of the thoracic spine is termed:

Answer 44

Kyphosis

Question 45

Which projections will demonstrate the right sacroiliac joint? (1) AP oblique, LPO position (2) AP oblique, RPO position (3) PA oblique, RAO position

Answer 45

1 & 3

Question 46

What level is central ray directed for an AP lumbosacral spine?

Answer 46

Iliac crests

Question 47

The angle of the articulation between the sacrum and the ilia (the sacroiliac joints) is:

Answer 47

25 to 30°

Question 48

On each side of the sacral base is a large wing-like mass called the:

Answer 48

Ala

Question 49

Where does the central ray enter when positioned for a lateral sacrum?

Answer 49

At the level of the ASIS and 3.5 inches posterior

Question 50

Occasionally, a patient may have to be placed in the prone position for a sacrum radiography, and a PA projection performed. What is the central-ray angle for this projection?

Answer 50

15° caudad

Question 51

The central-ray angle for an AP axial projection of the sacrum is

Answer 51

15° cephalic

Question 52

How many degrees is the body rotated for the AP oblique projection of the sacroiliac joint?

Answer 52

25 to 30°

Question 53

An abnormal increase in the convexity of the lumbar spine is termed:

Answer 53

Lordosis

Question 54

When only the lumbar vertebrae (not lumbosacral) are imaged in the AP projection, the central ray is directed:

Answer 54

1.5 inches above the iliac crest

Question 55

Which thoracic vertebrae contain costal facets on the transverse process?

Answer 55

T 1 - T 10

Question 56

If the lumbar spine cannot be adjusted so it is horizontal for the lateral projection, the central ray should be angled how many degrees and in what direction?

Answer 56

5° men, 8° women- caudad

Question 57

If the pedicle is posterior on vertebral body, this means the patient is rotated not enough. TRUE/FALSE?

Answer 57

False

Question 58

The average range of the angle of the L1-L3 zygapophyseal joints are ?

Answer 58

0 to 30 degrees

Question 59

If support is not placed under the lower thoracic vertebrae for a lateral projection, the central ray may have to be angled. What is the degree of angulation that would be required?

Answer 59

10 to 15° cephalic

Question 60

Ideally, the cathode end of an x-ray tube should be positioned to take advantage of the "heel effect" of the tube. Where should the cathode be placed for an AP thoracic spine?

Answer 60

Toward the feet

Question 61

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the sacrum?

Answer 61

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

Question 62

the average range of the angle of the L4-S1 zygapophyseal joints are ?

Answer 62

45 to 60°

Question 63

Where does the central ray enter the patient for an AP axial projection of the coccyx?

Answer 63

2 inches superior to the pubic symphysis

Question 64

Which method uses a chewing motion (wagging jaw) of the mandible to demonstrate the cervical spine in an AP projection?

Answer 64

Ottonello Method