C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism SL

Question 1

The sum of all chemical processes occurring in a living organism

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, e.g., protein synthesis

Answer 2

Anabolism

Question 3

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, e.g., glucose breakdown

Answer 3

Catabolism

Question 4

Proteins with a unique 3D shape, crucial for their specific functions

Answer 4

Enzyme Structure

Question 5

Enzyme Role

Answer 5

Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed

Question 6

The region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction

Answer 6

Active Site

Question 7

Substrate Specificity

Answer 7

Enzymes are specific to substrates due to the unique fit at the active site.

Question 8

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

Answer 8

The intermediate formed when a substrate binds to an enzyme’s active site

Question 9

Denaturation

Answer 9

Loss of enzyme’s structure and function due to external stress, like pH or temperature

Question 10

Activation Energy

Answer 10

The minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction

Question 11

Effect of Enzymes on Activation Energy

Answer 11

Enzymes lower the activation energy, speeding up the reaction

Question 12

Temperature Effect on Enzyme Activity

Answer 12

Optimal activity at specific temperatures; extreme temperatures can denature enzymes

Question 13

pH Effect on Enzyme Activity

Answer 13

Enzymes have optimal pH levels; deviation can lead to denaturation

Question 14

Substrate Concentration Effect

Answer 14

Increasing concentration enhances reaction rate up to a saturation point

Question 15

Lock and Key Model

Answer 15

The model where the enzyme’s active site fits precisely with the substrate

Question 16

Induced Fit Model

Answer 16

The model where the enzyme’s active site adjusts to fit the substrate

Question 17

Enzyme Inhibition

Answer 17

Process where a molecule decreases the activity of an enzyme

Question 18

Competitive Inhibition

Answer 18

Inhibitor competes with substrate for the enzyme’s active site

Question 19

Non-competitive Inhibition

Answer 19

Inhibitor binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site

Question 20

Allosteric Site

Answer 20

A site on an enzyme where a molecule (not a substrate) can bind, affecting function

Question 21

Feedback Inhibition

Answer 21

End product of a metabolic pathway inhibits an enzyme involved in its synthesis

Question 22

Reaction Rate

Answer 22

The speed at which reactants are converted into products

Question 23

Measuring Enzyme Activity

Answer 23

Quantified by the rate of substrate conversion or product formation

Question 24

Describes the rate of enzymatic reactions with varying substrate concentrations

Answer 24

Michaelis-Menten Kinetics

Question 25

Show reaction rate vs. substrate concentration, temperature, or pH

Answer 25

Enzymatic Reaction Graphs