A4.1 Evolution and speciation SL

Question 1

Evolution

Answer 1

Change in the heritable characteristics of a population over time

Question 2

Natural Selection

Answer 2

Process where organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring

Question 3

Darwinian vs. Lamarckian Evolution

Answer 3

Difference between evolution by natural selection and the inheritance of acquired characteristics

Question 4

Falsification in Evolution

Answer 4

Concept that scientific theories must be testable and falsifiable, with evolution as an example

Question 5

Genetic Variation

Answer 5

Differences in DNA sequences that contribute to variation within species.

Question 6

Molecular Phylogeny

Answer 6

Study of evolutionary relationships using molecular data like DNA and protein sequences

Question 7

Selective Breeding

Answer 7

Human-driven breeding of organisms to enhance desirable traits, demonstrating artificial selection

Question 8

Homologous Structures

Answer 8

Structures with a similar origin but different functions, indicating common ancestry (e.g., pentadactyl limb).

Question 9

Analogous Structures

Answer 9

Structures with similar functions but different evolutionary origins, showing convergent evolution

Question 10

Comparative Anatomy

Answer 10

The study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species.

Question 11

Speciation

Answer 11

The process by which new distinct species arise.

Question 12

Reproductive Isolation

Answer 12

The inability of species to breed outside their population

Question 13

Differential Selection

Answer 13

Different environmental pressures leading to divergent evolution

Question 14

Chimpanzees and Bonobos

Answer 14

Example of speciation through geographical separation and differential selection

Question 15

Species Concept

Answer 15

Definition and criteria that classify organisms into distinct species