A4.1 Evolution and speciation HL

Question 1

Allopatric Speciation

Answer 1

Speciation occurring due to physical separation of populations

Question 2

Sympatric Speciation

Answer 2

Speciation occurring within the same geographic area

Question 3

Geographical Isolation

Answer 3

Physical barriers that lead to reproductive isolation

Question 4

Behavioural Isolation

Answer 4

Differences in mating behaviors that prevent interbreeding

Question 5

Temporal Isolation

Answer 5

Different breeding times preventing species from mating

Question 6

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 6

Rapid diversification of species from a common ancestor to fill various ecological niches

Question 7

Hybridisation

Answer 7

Cross-breeding of two different species

Question 8

Prezygotic Barriers

Answer 8

Biological factors that prevent mating or fertilization between species

Question 9

Postzygotic Barriers

Answer 9

Factors that occur after fertilization that prevent hybrids from being viable or fertile

Question 10

Marsupials in Australia

Answer 10

Example of adaptive radiation

Question 11

Polyploidy

Answer 11

Presence of extra sets of chromosomes in cells

Question 12

Allopolyploidy

Answer 12

Polyploidy resulting from hybridization between different species

Question 13

Speciation in Plants

Answer 13

Role of polyploidy in plant speciation

Question 14

Hybrid Vigor

Answer 14

Increased vitality or other superior qualities arising from crossbreeding

Question 15

Knotweed

Answer 15

Example of allopolyploidy in plant speciation