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Anatomy > Superficial Head, Salivary Gland, Muscles > Flashcards

Superficial Head, Salivary Gland, Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Which animals have a facial lymph node?

A

Dogs

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2
Q

Where is the parotid lymph node located?

A

Under the cranial border of the parotid salivary gland.

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3
Q

The lateral retropharyngeal lymph node is located…

A

under the caudal border of the parotid salivary gland.

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4
Q

The mandibular lymph nodes are ____ to the mandibular salivary gland.

A

Rostral

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5
Q

Where does the external jugular bifurcate?

A

Just below the level of the mandibular ramus.

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6
Q

What does the external jugular branch into?

A

The maxillary vein and linguofacial vein.

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7
Q

What does the linguofacial vein bifurcate into?

A

The facial vein dorsally and the lingual vein ventrally.

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8
Q

The common carotid artery branches into…

A

The internal and external carotid

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9
Q

What are the differences between the internal and external carotid?

A

The external carotid is larger.

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10
Q

The external carotid branches into…

A
  • Occipital artery
  • Lingual artery
  • Facial artery
  • Maxillary artery
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11
Q

Where does the maxillary artery pass through?

A

The alar canal, then enters the maxillary foramen.

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12
Q

At what point does the maxillary artery change names? What does it become?

A

As it enters the maxillary foramen, it becomes the infraorbital artery and exits through the infraorbital foramen.

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13
Q

What artery supplies blood to the base of the horn?

A

The cornual artery.

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14
Q

What artery gives rise to the cornual artery?

A

The superficial temporal artery.

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15
Q

What artery is important for equine dentistry?

A

The palatine artery since it runs along the medial aspect of the teeth.

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16
Q

The ____ vein drains the region between the eyes.

A

Angularis oculi vein.

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17
Q

What nerve is responsible for the muscles of facial expression?

A

The facial nerve.

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18
Q

Where is sympathetic stimulation disseminated through the head?

A

The cranial cervical ganglion.

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19
Q

What innervates the nose?

A

The maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve.

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20
Q

What innervates the cheeks, tongue, teeth, and chin?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve.

21
Q

What are the functions of the digestive tract?

A
  • Prehension and acceptance of food
  • Mechanical reduction
  • Chemical digestion
  • Absorption of nutrients
  • Elimination of wastes
22
Q

Which lip is more variable between species?

A

The upper lip is more variable, the lower lip is fairly consistent.

23
Q

What species has a rostral disk?

A

Porcine

24
Q

Which animals have a lot of purposeful movement of the lips?

A

Ovine and equine

25
Q

What is gape?

A

How wide the mouth can be opened.

26
Q

What is the clinical significance of an animal’s gape?

A

It can be harder to visualize structures in animals with a smaller gape.

27
Q

Which animals have a large gape and why?

A
  • Dogs: Carnivores need to open their mouths wide to catch prey.
  • Pigs: Eat greedily so have the ability to get more food in their mouths.
28
Q

What functions is the mouth specialized for?

A
  • Food prehension
  • Communication
  • Aggression
29
Q

Which vestibule is absent in bovine?

A

Labial vestibule since no upper incisive teeth.

30
Q

Herbivores have ____ to protect their cheeks from the coarse materials they eat.

A

Cornified papillae

31
Q

What is special about mouth mucosa?

A

It is elastic so it does not form folds as the mouth closes.

32
Q

Birds have beaks instead of lips and therefore do not have…

A

vestibules.

33
Q

What is the rostral opening on the roof of a bird’s mouth?

A

Choana

34
Q

What is the more caudal opening on the roof of a bird’s mouth?

A

Infundibular opening - connects to the auditory tubes.

35
Q

What are the functions of salivary glands?

A
  • Produces saliva.
  • Moistens and cleanse the mouth.
  • Facilitates mastication.
  • Lubricates passage of food.
  • Contains digestive enzymes (amylase).
36
Q

The production of saliva is …

A

continuous but the rate is influenced by sympathetic/parasympathetic stimulation.

37
Q

Monostomatic vs polystomatic?

A

Mono = one duct
Poly = many ducts

38
Q

Horses have what type of sublingual gland?

A

Only polystomatic - no monostomatic portion.

39
Q

What are the dorsal buccal glands called in carnivores?

A

Zygomatic glands.

40
Q

The muscles of mastication are supplied by what nerve?

A

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve.

41
Q

What muscles close the jaw?

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Pterygoideus (medial and lateral)
42
Q

What muscles open the jaw?

A
  • Digastricus
43
Q

What is a characteristic of the TMJ?

A

An articular disk made of fibrocartilage that separates the joint into two cavities.

44
Q

What muscle attaches to the articular disk of the TMJ?

A

Lateral pterygoid

45
Q

In what animals is the articular disk more significant?

A

Herbivores due to jaw rotation.

46
Q

What animals do not have a fused intermandibular joint? What is the function?

A
  • Cows
  • Dogs
  • Sheep

To allow the jaw and teeth position to shift while eating.

47
Q

What is the occlusal plane?

A

The average plane established by the incisal and occlusal surfaces of the teeth.

48
Q

How does the position of the TMJ and occlusal plane affect how the jaw closes?

A

Closer together = more of a scissor motion (dogs)
Farther apart = more of a hammer motion, all teeth come together at the same time (cows)

Anatomy (41 decks)

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