Renal System

Question 1

Are kidneys paired

Answer 1

Yes

Question 2

What do ureters do

Answer 2

Convey urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 3

What does the bladder do

Answer 3

Stores urine until discharged conveniently

Question 4

What does the urethra do

Answer 4

Passes urine to exterior

Question 5

The kidneys are located

Answer 5

Closely attached to dorsal abdomen - one on each side of vertebral column
Left kidney is more caudal by about half the organ’s length & right kidney is often in contact with liver

Question 6

Kidneys are largely ____

Answer 6

Retroperitoneal - peritoneal membrane is not present on all surfaces of kidneys

Question 7

Where is peritoneal membrane on kidneys

Answer 7

Usually only on one side of the right kidney, and more completely covers surface of left kidney

Question 8

Kidneys are often buried in

Answer 8

Considerable fat within the sublumbar fascia. Fat protects the organ and is guarded by body.

Question 9

In face of starvation, what fat is some of the last fat to go?

Answer 9

Peri-renal fat

Question 10

Ureters begin in

Answer 10

A common expansion called renal pelvis & are very even caliber

Question 11

Ureters travel:

Answer 11

Sagitally against the abdominal roof & bends medically upon entering pelvic cavity & enters near the neck of the bladder on dorsal surface

Question 12

Ureter penetrates the bladder wall and

Answer 12

Protects against reflux of urine

Question 13

Internal surface of bladder is _______ when full

Answer 13

Generally smooth. Much folded when empty

Question 14

Two folds of bladder resist

Answer 14

Effacement & run from slit-like opening of the ureters to converge at exit of bladder & form the urethral crest which continues into the pelvic urethra

Question 15

What is the trigone

Answer 15

Triangular region bounded by the openings of the ureters and the urethra - possibly has enhanced sensitivity

Question 16

Innervation of bladder is supplied by

Answer 16

The sympathetic hypogastric and parasympathetic pelvic nerves

Question 17

Continence is maintained by

Answer 17

Striated urethralis muscle - external sphincter

Question 18

Bladder blood supply

Answer 18

From the vaginal or prostatic artery with some from the remnants of the umbilical arteries

Question 19

Bladder has variability in size and position due to

Answer 19

Distensible nature - when small, fully contracted & globular with thick walls

Question 20

When the bladder is enlarged, it is pear shaped and has:

Answer 20

A cranial vertex, intermediate body, and caudal neck that narrows to the internal urethral orifice

Question 21

Contracted bladder in larger species is largely ____

Answer 21

Retroperitoneal

Question 22

When does the bladder become intraperitoneal

Answer 22

After just moderate expansion

Question 23

3 folds attach the bladder to the floor and lateral walls of abdomen:

Answer 23

Lateral vesical folds- paired (cranial edge holds the round ligaments of the bladder)
Median vesical fold