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Anatomy > Rabbits & Lab Animals > Flashcards

Rabbits & Lab Animals Flashcards

1
Q

describe the integument in rodents

A

dense hair coat with guard hairs along the back

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2
Q

what is special about integument in hamsters that can be used for restraint

A

abundant dorsal skin

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3
Q

describe the tails of mice and rats

A

long with scales and sparse hairs

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4
Q

describe the tails in hamsters

A

short and haired

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5
Q

describe the tails in guinea pigs

A

absent

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6
Q

the palmar and plantar surface of the pes are hairless/haired

A

hairless!

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7
Q

do rodents have a high or low surface area? what does this mean for thermoreg. and water retention

A

high surface area –> prone to heat and water loss

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8
Q

3 means of thermoregulation in rodents

A
  • behavioural means of cooling
  • tail and ears used to disperse heat
  • brown fat on neck and between shoulders
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9
Q

T/F: rodents pant, sweat and salivate to thermoregulate

A

FALSE: rodents have no sweat glands, no ability to pant and limited ability to salivate

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10
Q

what specialized glands do mice and rats have

A

none

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11
Q

what specialized glands do hamsters have

A
  • bilateral flank glands (syrian)
  • Midventral gland (Dwarf)
  • bilateral mouth glands (Dwarf)
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12
Q

what specialized glands do guinea pigs have

A

coccygeal (grease) gland

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13
Q

describe hair growth in rabbits

A

occurs in periodic waves

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14
Q

what is a dewlap

A

present on female rabbits, pluck fur to make nest

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15
Q

ways in which rabbits thermoregulate

A
  • large ears for heat dispersion
  • NO sweat glands, NO ability to pant and limited ability to salivate
  • DO NOT possess brown fat
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16
Q

T/F: rabbits use sweat glands, panting and salivation for thermoregulation

A

FALSE

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17
Q

T/F: rabbits use brown fat for thermoregulation

A

FALSE

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18
Q

what specialized glands do rabbits possess

A

submental glands (chin)
inguinal glands (lateral to genitals)

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19
Q

do rodents have good eyesight

A

no, have poor eyesight

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20
Q

at what time of day are rodents most active

A

they are nocturnal and crepuscular

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21
Q

what kind of vision do rabbits have

A

panoramic vision

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22
Q

T/F: rabbits and rodents have well developed sense of hearing, touch and smell

A

TRUE

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23
Q

what gives rodents and rabbits spatial orientation in the dark

A

prominent vibrissae on upper lip

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24
Q

which species is the harderian gland present

A

both rodents and rabbits

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25
Q

function of the harderian gland

A

secretes red and oily porforin to lube eyes and is a pheromone

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26
Q

how many thoracic digits do mice, rats and hamsters have

A

5

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27
Q

how many thoracic digits do guinea pigs have

A

4

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28
Q

how many thoracic digits do rabbits have

A

5

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29
Q

how many pelvic digits do mice, rats and hamsters have

A

5

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30
Q

how many pelvic digits do guinnea pigs have

A

3

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31
Q

how many digits do rabbits have

A

4

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32
Q

do rabbits and rodents have a haversian system in their bones

A

rodents lack it because they are small enough but lagomorphs have

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33
Q

what muscles facilitate gnawing in rodents

A

masseters, temporalis and pterygoideus muscles close to the jaw and digastricus opens mouth and pulls the mandible caudally

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34
Q

what causes vertebral fractures in rabbits

A

powerful hind legs and light skeleton

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35
Q

which vertebra fractures the easiest in rabbits

A

L7 :( rip

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36
Q

in which types of guinea pigs does the pubic symphasis fuse? what age?

A

males and unbred females at 6 mo

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37
Q

what kind of incissors do rodents have

A

elodont (pgimented in some species, containing iron)

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38
Q

what kind of cheek teeth do rodents have

A

anelodont

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39
Q

how many rows of molar cusps do hamsters have

A

2

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40
Q

what kind of teeth are rabbit incisors and molars

A

elodont

41
Q

what is special about rabbit incisors

A

have a second set (peg teeth)

42
Q

what kind of teeth are guinea pig incisors and molars

A

elodont

43
Q

what kind of diet do hamsters, mice and rats eat

A

they are omnivores

44
Q

T/F: mice, rats and hamsters are coprophagic

A

true

45
Q

describe the tummy of mice, rats and hamsters

A

monogastric: have glandular and non glandular portions seperated by margo plicatus

46
Q

describe mice, rat and hamster small intestine

A

short

47
Q

describe cecum in mice, rats and hamsters

A

large with lymphoid tissues

48
Q

describe colon in mice, rats and hamsters

A

short (with asc, trans and desc portions), no sacculations

49
Q

describe rectum in mice, rats and hamsters

A

short with anal glands

50
Q

describe the cheek pouches of hamsters

A

no glands, immunologically privileged, blood supply maintained during eversion

51
Q

describe the diet of guinea pigs

A

herbivores, coprophagic

52
Q

T/F: guinea pigs have tonsils

A

FALSE they lack tonsils

53
Q

describe the tummy of guinea pigs

A

monogastric (glandular stomach only)

54
Q

describe the small intestine of guinea pigs

A

short

55
Q

describe the cecum of guinea pigs

A

large cecum with haustra: hindgut fermentation with lymphoid tissue

56
Q

what is special about the colon in guinea pigs

A

colon is a mucus trap with colonic furrow (traps bacteria from cecum to colon)

57
Q

describe rabbit diet

A

herbivores, cecotrophic (produce 2 different types of waste material)

58
Q

do rabbits have tonsils

A

yes, paired in oral cavity

59
Q

describe the stomach of rabbits

A

monogastric with glandular and non glandular portions

60
Q

describe the small intestine of rabbits

A

short, small

61
Q

describe the cecum in rabbits

A

large because they are hindgut fermenters

62
Q

describe the colon in rabbits

A

upper:haustra, taeniae, warzen
lower: lacks haustra and taenia
- fusus coli (pacemater of intestine, peristaltic and antiperistaltiic contractions)
- production of cecotrophs

63
Q

how many types of poop are produced by rabbits

A

2 because they are cecotrophic (cecal pelletes and fecal matter)

64
Q

4 types of GALT in the digestive tract of rabbits

A

peyers patches (ileum)
sacculus rotundus (terminal ileum)
cecal tonsil (proximal cecum)
cecal appendix (terminus of cecum)

65
Q

how many and which lobes of the liver are present in mice, rats, hamsters and guinea pigs

A

4: left lateral, medial, right lateral, caudal

66
Q

how may lobes of the liver are present in rabbits. name them!

A

6: left lateral, left medial R. lateral, R medial, quadrate and caudate

67
Q

T/F: rats dont have gall bladders

A

so true bestie

67
Q

describe the pancreas in most rodents and rabbits

A

diffuse pancreas

68
Q

describe the pancreas in guinea pigs

A

triangular with 3 lobes

69
Q

function of spleen in rodents

A

site of extra medullary hematopoiesis

70
Q

describe the spleen in rabbits

A

relatively small due to large amount of GALT

71
Q

how many left lung lobes are present in a mouse, rat, guinea pig and rabbit? wb right? name them

A

1 left lobe
4 right lobes: cranial, middle, caudal accessory

72
Q

how many left lobes of the liver are present in the hamster? what about right? name them

A

1 left lobe
5 right lobes (cranial, middle, caudal, intermediate, accessory)

73
Q

are rabbits and rodents obligate mouth breathers or obligate nasal breathers

A

obligate nasal breathers

74
Q

what is the nasal cavity lined with

A

50% lined with olfactory epithelium

75
Q

what do pulmonary veins contain in rodents

A

cardiac muscle fibres

76
Q

what is special about the thymus in rodents and rabbits

A

persists throughout adulthood

77
Q

how many chambers are in the heart of rodents and rabbits

A

4

78
Q

what is special about the rabbit right AV valve

A

it is bicuspid rather than tri

79
Q

describe kidneys in rodents and rabbits

A

unipapillate and bean shaped

80
Q

proteinuria is common in which species

A

rodents

81
Q

in which species are calcium crystals contained in urine

A

guinea pig and rabbit

82
Q

why is bright red urine in rabbits noraml

A

because plant pigments

83
Q

how do you sex mice, rats and hamsters

A

anogenital distance is shorter in females vs males

84
Q

how to sex guinea pigs

A

females have a V shaped urogenital area

85
Q

how do you sex rabbits

A

difference in inguinal sacs and scrotum is cranial to anal/genital area

86
Q

T/F: male reproductive inguinal canals remain open for life in rodents and rabbits

A

true!

87
Q

copulatory plugs are common in

A

malerodents

88
Q

what kind of peen do rodents have

A

os penis

89
Q

what kind of peen do hamsters and guinea

A

has prongs or styles on penis

90
Q

name 7 male accessory sex glands present in mice and rat

A

gland of ductus deferens(also called ampullary gland), vesicular gland, coagulating gland, dorsal lateral prostate, ventral prostate, bulbourethral gland, prepubital gland

91
Q

name 5 male accessory sex glands in guinea pigs

A

bulbourethral gland, seminal vessicle, coagulating gland, dorsal lobe of prostate, ventral lobe of prostate

92
Q

4 male accessory sex glands in rabbits

A

seminal gland, vesicular gland, prostate, bulbourethral gland, paraprostatic gland

93
Q

T/F rodents gave separate urethral and vaginal openings

A

true

94
Q

what is special about mice and rat female reproductive anatomy

A

has paired clitoral glands

95
Q

what is special about guinea pig female reproductive anatomy

A

have vaginal membrane during anestrus

96
Q

describe the uterus of rodents

A

bicornuate uterus

97
Q

describe rabbit uterus

A

duplex

98
Q

in which species are nipples present in males

A

guinea pigs

Anatomy (41 decks)

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