Forces in Engineering!!!!!! Flashcards

1
Q

attraction  repulsion
→ to attract  to repel
Attraction and repulsion are dual
forces in magnetism.

A

Anziehung(skraft) Abstoßung
→ anziehen  abstoßen

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2
Q

bend
→ bending force
→ to bend, bent, bent
As a result of the bending force,
the lower part of a bridge deck is
in tension, and the upper part is in
compression.

A

Biegung, Krümmung, Knick
→ Biegekraft
→ biegen, beugen, abknicken,
krümmen

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3
Q

buoyancy [‘boiənsi]
In physics, buoyancy is the
upward force exerted by a fluid

A

(hydrostatische) Auftriebskraft,
Schwimmfähigkeit

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4
Q

compression
→ compressive (adj)
→ compressive strength
Compressive strength is the
capacity of a material to
withstand pushing forces or
compression

A

Druckkraft/Kompression
→ Druck-
→ Druckfestigkeit, Druckbelastbarkeit

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5
Q

contraction
→ to contract
When the temperature decreases,
some structures may suffer
contraction.

A

Kontraktion, Schrumpfen
→ schrumpfen,
(sich) zusammenziehen

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6
Q

counterweight
A counterweight is used in lifts
(elevators) and cranes.

A

Ausgleichsgewicht,
Gegengewicht

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7
Q

to crush
Crushing means to use force to
alter or destroy a structure

A

zerdrücken, zerquetschen

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8
Q

density
→ dense
The density of an object is
measured in kg/m
3.

A

Dichte
→ dicht

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9
Q

elasticity
→ elastic
Elasticity is the ability of a body
to stretch and return to its
original shape without
deformation.
A steel beam is not as elastic as a
wooden beam.

A

Dehnbarkeit/Elastizität
→ biegsam, dehnbar

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10
Q

edge
A square has four edges with 90°
angles.

A

Kante, Spitze

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11
Q

expansion
→ to expand
Iron structures are subject to
thermal expansion.

A

Ausdehnung, Expansion
→ (sich) ausdehnen, ausweiten

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12
Q

to extend (sth)
If a structural element is in
tension, it may extend.

A

(etw.) auseinanderziehen, (s.)
verlängern, auseinanderziehen

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13
Q

to elongate
→ elongate (adj.)
Metal has to be elongated to
make cables

A

strecken länglich, gestreckt
→ länglich, gestreckt

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14
Q

equilibrium
→ balance
→ to balance sth
If all forces are in balance, there
is an equilibrium of forces.

A

Gleichgewicht
→ Gleichgewicht, Ausgleich
→ etw. ausgleichen, im
Gleichgewicht halten

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15
Q

to fail
→ failure
When structural components can
no longer resist stress, they fail.
The failure is then due to stress.

A

versagen
→ Bruch, Fehler, Defekt

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16
Q

force
→ to apply a force
→ to exert a force
In order to lift a weight, one needs
(to apply) force.
A force is exerted on a spring.

A

Kraft
→ Kraft anwenden
→ Kraft ausüben

17
Q

friction
→ frictional resistance
Friction between two materials
causes heat.

A

Reibung, Reibkraft
→ Reibungswiderstand

18
Q

fulcrum [fʊlkrəm]
pivot
→ to pivot
hinge
→ to hinge
Levers are grouped into three
classes depending on the position
of the fulcrum or pivot.
Doors and windows move on
hinge

A

Hebelpunkt, Drehachse
Drehpunkt, Drehachse
→ drehen, drehbar lagern
Drehachse, Drehgelenk
→ etw. (in ein Drehgelenk)
einhängen

19
Q

(force of) gravity,
gravitational force
→ centre of gravity
Gravity is a natural phenomenon
by which objects with mass
attract one another.

A

Schwerkraft, Gravitation,
Erdanziehungskraft
→ Schwerpunkt

20
Q

lever [ˈliːvə]
→ leverage (effect) [ˈliːvərɪdʒ]
→ to leverage
A lever boosts the force needed to
turn an object. This mechanical
advantage is called leverage.

A

Hebel
→ Hebelkraft, Hebelwirkung
→ hebeln, aushebeln, in
Schwung bringen

21
Q

load
Usually several loads act on
structural components.

A

Belastung, Last,
Beanspruchung

22
Q

magnitude
A force has both magnitude and
direction; to calculate the
magnitude of a load, one must
know the direction of the load

A

Größe, Ausmaß, Stärke
Größenordnung

23
Q

moment
→ momentum
→ to gain momentum
In most mechanics books, moment
and torque are used
synonymously

A

das Momentum, Impuls
→ Schwung
→ in Gang, Schwung kommen

24
Q

to occur
If tensile forces are too great,
rupture will occur

A

auftreten, entstehen, eintreten

25
Q

to resist sth
→ resistance
Bridges need to resist corrosive
effects and damage from heavy
loads.

A

widerstehen, aushalten
→ Widerstand

26
Q

resultant
→ resultant (force)
If one has two forces acting
against each other, one subtracts
the one force from the other to
receive the resultant (force).

A

Resultante, Resultierende
→ resultierende Kraf

27
Q

rupture
→ to rupture
Tensile strength is the ability to
withstand the weight of a load
without rupture occurring

A

(Ab)bruch, Reißstelle
→ (ab)reißen, brechen

28
Q

shear force
→ shear strength
Scissors use shear forces to cut
paper and other materials. Shear
strength is the maximum shear
stress that can be sustained
before rupture

A

Scherkraft/Querkraft
→ Scherfestigkeit

29
Q

strain, stress
→ to strain sth, to stress sth
Whereas stress is the effect of a
force on a component, strain is
the deformation resulting from it

A

Belastung, Spannung
→ etw. belasten, beanspruchen

30
Q

to sustain
Cables have to sustain great
forces

A

aufrechterhalten, ertragen

31
Q

tension
→ tensile (strength)
Tension is a pulling force which
acts along the length of a
component

A

Federkraft, Spannung, Zugkraft
→ Zug-(festigkeit)

31
Q

torque
Torque is the tendency of a force
to rotate an object about an axis,
fulcrum, or pivot.

A

Drehkraft, Drehmoment

32
Q

torsion, torque
→ torsional (stress)
Torsion is a twisting force

A

Torsion
→ Torsions(-belastung)

33
Q

to wear, wore, worn
→ wear (and tear) [weə, teə]
Wear and tear is damage that
naturally occurs as materials age.

A

abnutzen, auch: tragen
→ Abnutzung,
Verschleiß(erscheinung)

34
Q

weight
→ to weigh
In the physical sciences, the
weight of an object is the
magnitude of the force that must
be applied to an object in order to
support it in a gravitational field.

A

Gewicht
→ wiegen

35
Q

to withstand (to sth)
The ability to withstand tensile
loads without rupture is called
tensile strength.

A

etw. aushalten, standhalten,
widerstehen