Forces in Engineering!!!!!!

Question 1

attraction  repulsion
→ to attract  to repel
Attraction and repulsion are dual
forces in magnetism.

Answer 1

Anziehung(skraft) Abstoßung
→ anziehen  abstoßen

Question 2

bend
→ bending force
→ to bend, bent, bent
As a result of the bending force,
the lower part of a bridge deck is
in tension, and the upper part is in
compression.

Answer 2

Biegung, Krümmung, Knick
→ Biegekraft
→ biegen, beugen, abknicken,
krümmen

Question 3

buoyancy [‘boiənsi]
In physics, buoyancy is the
upward force exerted by a fluid

Answer 3

(hydrostatische) Auftriebskraft,
Schwimmfähigkeit

Question 4

compression
→ compressive (adj)
→ compressive strength
Compressive strength is the
capacity of a material to
withstand pushing forces or
compression

Answer 4

Druckkraft/Kompression
→ Druck-
→ Druckfestigkeit, Druckbelastbarkeit

Question 5

contraction
→ to contract
When the temperature decreases,
some structures may suffer
contraction.

Answer 5

Kontraktion, Schrumpfen
→ schrumpfen,
(sich) zusammenziehen

Question 6

counterweight
A counterweight is used in lifts
(elevators) and cranes.

Answer 6

Ausgleichsgewicht,
Gegengewicht

Question 7

to crush
Crushing means to use force to
alter or destroy a structure

Answer 7

zerdrücken, zerquetschen

Question 8

density
→ dense
The density of an object is
measured in kg/m
3.

Answer 8

Dichte
→ dicht

Question 9

elasticity
→ elastic
Elasticity is the ability of a body
to stretch and return to its
original shape without
deformation.
A steel beam is not as elastic as a
wooden beam.

Answer 9

Dehnbarkeit/Elastizität
→ biegsam, dehnbar

Question 10

edge
A square has four edges with 90°
angles.

Answer 10

Kante, Spitze

Question 11

expansion
→ to expand
Iron structures are subject to
thermal expansion.

Answer 11

Ausdehnung, Expansion
→ (sich) ausdehnen, ausweiten

Question 12

to extend (sth)
If a structural element is in
tension, it may extend.

Answer 12

(etw.) auseinanderziehen, (s.)
verlängern, auseinanderziehen

Question 13

to elongate
→ elongate (adj.)
Metal has to be elongated to
make cables

Answer 13

strecken länglich, gestreckt
→ länglich, gestreckt

Question 14

equilibrium
→ balance
→ to balance sth
If all forces are in balance, there
is an equilibrium of forces.

Answer 14

Gleichgewicht
→ Gleichgewicht, Ausgleich
→ etw. ausgleichen, im
Gleichgewicht halten

Question 15

to fail
→ failure
When structural components can
no longer resist stress, they fail.
The failure is then due to stress.

Answer 15

versagen
→ Bruch, Fehler, Defekt

Question 16

force
→ to apply a force
→ to exert a force
In order to lift a weight, one needs
(to apply) force.
A force is exerted on a spring.

Answer 16

Kraft
→ Kraft anwenden
→ Kraft ausüben

Question 17

friction
→ frictional resistance
Friction between two materials
causes heat.

Answer 17

Reibung, Reibkraft
→ Reibungswiderstand

Question 18

fulcrum [fʊlkrəm]
pivot
→ to pivot
hinge
→ to hinge
Levers are grouped into three
classes depending on the position
of the fulcrum or pivot.
Doors and windows move on
hinge

Answer 18

Hebelpunkt, Drehachse
Drehpunkt, Drehachse
→ drehen, drehbar lagern
Drehachse, Drehgelenk
→ etw. (in ein Drehgelenk)
einhängen

Question 19

(force of) gravity,
gravitational force
→ centre of gravity
Gravity is a natural phenomenon
by which objects with mass
attract one another.

Answer 19

Schwerkraft, Gravitation,
Erdanziehungskraft
→ Schwerpunkt

Question 20

lever [ˈliːvə]
→ leverage (effect) [ˈliːvərɪdʒ]
→ to leverage
A lever boosts the force needed to
turn an object. This mechanical
advantage is called leverage.

Answer 20

Hebel
→ Hebelkraft, Hebelwirkung
→ hebeln, aushebeln, in
Schwung bringen

Question 21

load
Usually several loads act on
structural components.

Answer 21

Belastung, Last,
Beanspruchung

Question 22

magnitude
A force has both magnitude and
direction; to calculate the
magnitude of a load, one must
know the direction of the load

Answer 22

Größe, Ausmaß, Stärke
Größenordnung

Question 23

moment
→ momentum
→ to gain momentum
In most mechanics books, moment
and torque are used
synonymously

Answer 23

das Momentum, Impuls
→ Schwung
→ in Gang, Schwung kommen

Question 24

to occur
If tensile forces are too great,
rupture will occur

Answer 24

auftreten, entstehen, eintreten

Question 25

to resist sth
→ resistance
Bridges need to resist corrosive
effects and damage from heavy
loads.

Answer 25

widerstehen, aushalten
→ Widerstand

Question 26

resultant
→ resultant (force)
If one has two forces acting
against each other, one subtracts
the one force from the other to
receive the resultant (force).

Answer 26

Resultante, Resultierende
→ resultierende Kraf

Question 27

rupture
→ to rupture
Tensile strength is the ability to
withstand the weight of a load
without rupture occurring

Answer 27

(Ab)bruch, Reißstelle
→ (ab)reißen, brechen

Question 28

shear force
→ shear strength
Scissors use shear forces to cut
paper and other materials. Shear
strength is the maximum shear
stress that can be sustained
before rupture

Answer 28

Scherkraft/Querkraft
→ Scherfestigkeit

Question 29

strain, stress
→ to strain sth, to stress sth
Whereas stress is the effect of a
force on a component, strain is
the deformation resulting from it

Answer 29

Belastung, Spannung
→ etw. belasten, beanspruchen

Question 30

to sustain
Cables have to sustain great
forces

Answer 30

aufrechterhalten, ertragen

Question 31

tension
→ tensile (strength)
Tension is a pulling force which
acts along the length of a
component

Answer 31

Federkraft, Spannung, Zugkraft
→ Zug-(festigkeit)

Question 31

torque
Torque is the tendency of a force
to rotate an object about an axis,
fulcrum, or pivot.

Answer 31

Drehkraft, Drehmoment

Question 32

torsion, torque
→ torsional (stress)
Torsion is a twisting force

Answer 32

Torsion
→ Torsions(-belastung)

Question 33

to wear, wore, worn
→ wear (and tear) [weə, teə]
Wear and tear is damage that
naturally occurs as materials age.

Answer 33

abnutzen, auch: tragen
→ Abnutzung,
Verschleiß(erscheinung)

Question 34

weight
→ to weigh
In the physical sciences, the
weight of an object is the
magnitude of the force that must
be applied to an object in order to
support it in a gravitational field.

Answer 34

Gewicht
→ wiegen

Question 35

to withstand (to sth)
The ability to withstand tensile
loads without rupture is called
tensile strength.

Answer 35

etw. aushalten, standhalten,
widerstehen