Plastics Flashcards by Lukas Paske

abrasive (adj)
→ abrasive (n)
→ abrasion
An abrasive material is used to cut, grind or polish softer materials.

abreibend, abschleifend
(auch: aggressiv, grob)
→ Schleif- / Strahlmittel
→ Abrieb, Abschliff

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to account for
(Packaging accounts for almost a third of all plastic consumption.)

beitragen zu, etw. ausweisen

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acid
→ acid-proof
→ acid rain
An acid is a substance which can
damage the surface of materials.
Some plastics are acid-proof.

Säure
säurebeständig, säurefest
→ wasserdicht, imprägniert
saurer Regen

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to age
→ ageing
UV radiation makes plastic age
faster.

altern
→ Alterungsprozess

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aluminium (Al)
→ aluminum (Am.Engl.)
Aluminium is widely used, often in alloy forms

Aluminium

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alloy
→ to alloy
An alloy is a homogeneous mixture containing two or more metallic
elements.

Legierung, Beisatz
→ legieren

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appliance
→ household appliance
Plastics are used in the
production of a wide range of
household appliances.

Gerät, Vorrichtung
→ Haushaltsgerät

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artificial material
(Plastic is an artificial material,
often made from oil)

künstliches Material

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bacteria (pl., rarely in the sg:
bacterium)
Bacteria are single cell
microorganisms.

Bakterien

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brass
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Trumpets and saxophones are brass instruments

Messing

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brittle
→ brittleness
Glass has to be handled carefully
because it is extremely brittle.

brüchig, spröde
→ Brüchigkeit, Sprödigkeit

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capability
→ capable of
→ to be capable of doing sth
Some materials have the
capability of returning to their
original shape after deformation

Fähigkeit, Befähigung
→ fähig, imstande
→ fähig, imstande sein etw. zu tun

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ceramic material
→ ceramics
A ceramic material is an inorganic,
non-metallic material.

keramisches Material
→ Keramik

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coating
→ to coat sth with
Cables have a PVC coating for
mechanical protection.

Belag, Beschichtung,
→ mit etw beschichten

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component [kəm’poʊnənt]
A machine consists of many
components.

Bauelement, Bestandteil

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conductive
→ conductivity
→ to conduct
Copper is a very conductive
material.

leitfähig
→ Leitfähigkeit
→ leiten

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to consist of sth
Steel consists of iron and carbon.

aus etw. bestehen, s. aus etw.
zusammensetzten

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consumption
→ consumer
→ to consume
The chart represents the
consumption of plastic by type

Verbrauch
→ Konsument
→ verbrauchen, konsumieren

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copper (Cu)
Copper conducts well; that is why it
is used in wires and cables

Kupfer

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corrosion (noun)
→ corrosive (adj)
→ corrosive (n)
Corrosion is caused by oxidation or
chemical action.

Korrosion
→ ätzend, zersetzend
→ Ätzstoff / Korrosionsmittel

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cost-efficient
≠ rentable
Taken over their lifetime,
plastics are cost-efficient.

rentabel, kostengünstig
≠ mietbar

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degradation
→ chemical degradation
→ biodegradable
Chemical degradation is the
separation of a chemical
compound into smaller units.
Organic material is
biodegradable.

Abbau, Zersetzung, auch:
Verschlechterung
→ chemischer Abbau
→ biologisch abbaubar

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density
→ denseMathematically, density is
defined as mass divided by
volume: p=m/V

(Massen- / Raum-)Dichte
→ dicht, kompakt

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to disintegrate
Biodegradable plastics can
disintegrate into other natural
components

abbauen, (sich) auflösen

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to distinguish between = to differentiate between ≠ to differ from We distinguish (differentiate) between various categories of plastics. Thermosets differ from thermoplastics in that they cannot be recycled.

etw. unterscheiden, differenzieren ≠ sich unterscheiden, abweichen

to dispose of sth → disposal → waste disposal Alkaline batteries can be safely disposed of in normal household garbage.

etw. entsorgen, beseitigen → Entsorgung → Müllabfuhr

durable  non-durable → durability Plastics are durable. The resistance of materials to corrosion is called durability.

haltbar, beständig, langlebig  nicht dauerhaft → Haltbarkeit, Dauerhaftigkeit

ferrous metals  non-ferrous metals Ferrous metals contain iron whereas non-ferrous metals do not contain iron.

Eisenmetalle  NE (Nichteisen-)metalle

fire-retardant (adj + noun) → flame-proof = fire resistant = fire-proof Asbestos is a fire-retardant material.

feuerhemmend(es Mittel) → feuerfest, feuerbeständig

flexible  inflexible → flexibility Some plastics can be very flexible

flexibel  unflexibel → Flexibilität, Biegbarkeit

elastic  inelastic → elasticity Elastic materials return to their original shape and size after deformation.

elastisch  unelastisch → Federkraft, Dehnbarkeit

to equip → equipment The robot is equipped with the latest technology

ausrüsten, ausstatten → Ausstattung, Ausrüstung

to expect → expectancy → expected (useful) life Products which have an expected life of more than three years are known as durables.

erwarten, annehmen → Erwartung → erwartete Nutzungs-/ Lebensdauer

fatigue → fatigue resistance Fatigue resistance is the ability of a material to withstand repeated and varying strain.

Alterung, (Material-)Ermüdung → Dauerfestigkeit, Ermüdungsbeständigkeit

feature = property The features of a material are important for the design of a product.

Merkmal, Eigenschaft

hard → hardness → to harden The resistance of materials to abrasion and cutting is called hardness.

fest, hart → Härte → aushärten

impact → impact resistance If a material does not shatter on impact, it has high impact resistance

Aufschlag, Aufprall auch: Auswirkung, Bedeutung → Schlagfestigkeit, -beständigkeit

hazardous → hazard Emissions of some plastics can be hazardous.

gefährlich, riskant → Gefahr, Risiko

impermeable  permeable Cling foil is impermeable to water and protects food against

undurchlässig  durchlässig

inflammable  non-flammable Kerosene is a highly inflammable fuel

brennbar, entzündbar, leicht entzündlich  nicht brennbar

iron (Fe) Iron is manufactured into steel

Eisen

insulation → to insulate ≠ to isolate Some plastics are very good electrical insulators and therefore used for insulation.

(Wärme-, Strom- etc.)Isolierung → (ab-)isolieren ≠ trennen, absondern

to join If you join two or more things they are connected or fastened together.

verbinden

layer A thin layer of zinc protects steel.

Schicht

man-made Plastic is a type of synthetic or man-made polymer.

künstlich hergestellt

materials science Materials science is an important subject for engineering students

Werkstoffkunde

to melt, melted, melted (molten) The melting point is the temperature at which a solid

schmelzen

metal → metallic (adj) Gold is a noble metal.

Metall → metallisch

mercury = quicksilver (Hg) Mercury is a liquid metal.

Quecksilber

molten → to melt (melted, melted) Lego bricks are made from molten plastic.

geschmolzen, schmelzflüssig → schmelzen, flüssig machen, auftauen

to modify → modification If you add certain chemicals, you will modify the type of plastic.

ändern → Änderung

to mould / to mold (AE) → mo(u)ldable → a mould → compression moulding → injection moulding Compression moulding and injection moulding are two options of moulding an object.

formen, modellieren, formpressen, formspritzen → formbar → Gussform, Spritzform → Formpressen → Spritzguss

organic  inorganic Chemistry deals with organic and inorganic materials.

organisch  anorganisch

oxygen → oxide → oxidation → to oxidize Oxygen is a colourless gas.

Sauerstoff → Oxid, Sauerstoffverbindung → Oxidierung Oxidation → oxidieren

packaging Packaging protects products from damage.

Verpackung, Packmaterial

plastic (noun, often used in pl) → plastic (adj) → granules of plastic → plasticity → plasticizer Plastics are used for a variety of products. Plasticizers are additives that make materials more flexible.

Kunststoff, Plastik → formbar, knetbar → Kunststoffgranulat → Plastizität → Weichmacher

plastics: → elastomer → thermoplastic → thermosetting plastic An elastomer is an elastic material that can stretch. A thermoplastic is a polymer that turns to liquid when heated. A thermosetting plastic is a polymer that cannot be recycled

Polymere, Kunststoffe, Plastik: → Elastomer → thermoplastischer Kunststoff, nicht härtender Kunststoff → Duroplaste, warm gehärteter Kunststoff

property Properties are characteristic features, e.g. of materials.

Eigentum, hier: Beschaffenheit, Eigenschaft

precious metal = noble metal Platinum is a precious metal.

Edelmetall

raw material We will be able to use other raw materials in the future

Rohstoff, Ausgangsmaterial

to reinforce → reinforced Carbon fibres can be used to reinforce plastic

verstärken → verstärkt

to replace sth/sb by/with sth Many scarce materials are replaced by plastics

etw./jdn. ersetzen durch

to represent This chart represents the use of plastics by sector.

abbilden, darstellen

resistance → resistant to → (water, heat etc.) → to resist sth Resistance is the ability not to be affected by something, especially negatively. Stainless steel is resistant to corrosion.

Widerstandsfähigkeit, Resistenz → beständig, widerstandsfähig → (wasser,- hitze-)beständig → → etw. widerstehen, standhalten

silicon (Si) [‘sɪləkən] ≠ silicone [‘sɪləkəun] Silicon is an element that can be heated to high temperatures to make glass

Silizium ≠ Silikon

rigid → rigidity A rigid material will resist to bending.

starr, steif, unbeugsam → Festigkeit, Steife, Härte

states of matter (= aggregation): * solid → to solidify * liquid → to liquefy * gaseous → to gasify * plasma The states of matter are: solid, liquid, gaseous, or plasma

Aggregatzustände * fest → fest werden * flüssig → verflüssigen * gasförmig → zu Gas werden * plasmaförmig

steel → stainless stee Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon.

Stahl → Edelstahl, rostfreier Stahl

stiff → stiffness Stiff materials are ideal for building solid constructions.

schwergängig, unbiegsam → Formfestigkeit, Biegesteifigkeit

to stretch → stretchable If you pull an elastic material, it will stretch.

dehnen → dehnbar

synthetic → synthetic granules / granulate Plastic is a type of synthetic or man-made polymer

künstlich, synthetisch → Kunststoffgranulat

to tear [teər] (tore, torn) → tear Paper can tear easily

reißen → Riss, Rissbildung

tin (Sn) The alloy of copper and tin is called bronze.

Zinn

tough → toughness A tough material, such as leather for shoes, will not wear easily

zäh, hart, belastbar → Zähigkeit, Härte, Belastbarkeit

transparent → transparency  opaque [əu‘peik] Glass is ideal for windows because it is transparent. Opaque glass does not transmit or reflect light.

transparent, durchsichtig → Transparenz  undurchsichtig, lichtundurchlässig

versatile = multi-purpose Plastics are versatile as they have a lot of different properties.

vielseitig

wear [weər] → to wear (wore, worn) Durable materials are resistant to wear.

Abnutzung, Verschleiß → abnutzen, verschleißen

weight light(weight)  heavy(weight) The advantage of plastics over traditional materials is that they have a lower weight

Gewicht leicht(gewichtig)  schwer(gewichtig)

wrapping → to wrap sth. (up) Clear plastic wrapping allows the customer to see the state of the food inside

Hülle, Verpackung → einwickeln, umhüllen, verpacken

zinc (Zn) → to zinc Coating steel with a thin layer of zinc protects it from corrosion.

Zink → verzinken

Plastics Flashcards

(80 cards)