CRIME AND DEVIANCE - Class - Sutherland, White and Blue-Collar Crimes, Corporate Crime, Intra-Class Crime, Slapper and Tombs Flashcards
What does Newburn quote about Crime and Class?
‘Crimes of the powerless, not crimes of the powerful’
What do Timmer and Eizen identify about Class and Crime?
There are ‘Crimes of the Suites’ and ‘Crimes of the Streets’ - This links to the idea that working-class people are not able to get away with crime like middle-class people are, due to the type of crimes they commit, typification, lack of cultural capital, over-policing, selective enforcement and negotiation of justice.
What does Nelken quote about Crime and Class?
‘The best way to rob a bank is to own one’ - This links to blue-collar and white-collar crimes and the differences between the working-class and the middle-class.
Give some reasons as to why working-class people are more likely to commit crimes. HINT: Name as many as you can; there are 9 examples here!
- Deprivation
- Immediate gratification
- Unemployment
- Lack of money
- Addiction
- Status frustration
- Strain Theory (Merton)
- Poverty Gap
- Lack of Bonds (Social Bond Theory = Hirschi)
How can you explain the link between Hirschi and the Social Bond Theory?
Working-class people have fewer social bonds and they are less integrated into society, because they are working a lot ofthe time in order to make money to survive; they do not have the time to join activities or groups and become well-integrated into society, so they lack cultural and social capital whilst trying to earn economic capital.
What does Sutherland identify regarding Class and Crime?
He identified ‘Differential Association’
(SUTHERLAND) Explain what ‘Differential Association’ is.
This is the theory that states: “You become who you are around and who you hang out / around with” –> You become like the people you surround yourself with!
EG: If you associate and mix with people who are more likely to accept rules, you will be less likely to break the law, due to the people you are surrounded by and their influence –> This is true for all social classes!
Give some examples of White Collar Crimes. HINT: Name as many as you can; there are 6 examples here!
- Bribery
- Corruption in government or business
- Selling a sub-par product to consumers
- Fiddling expenses
- Tax evasion
- Fraud
What does Croall investigate?
Crimes committed by the NHS!
(CROALL) Explain what Croall found in terms of crimes by the NHS.
They found that cases of crimes against the NHS are committed by doctors, dentists or pharmacists who falsify prescriptions and patient records to claim millions of pounds more than what they are entitled too –> One doctor made around £700,000 over 5 years doing this!
Explain who Conrad Black is and how he links to Corporate Crime.
Conrad Black = Lord Black of Crossharbour –> He was one of the world’s most powerful media tycoons.
Black was sentenced to 6 and a 1/2 years in a low security American prison for criminal fraud and obstructing justice. HOWEVER = He served 2 and a 1/2 years! He then returned to jail again to serve a 13 month sentence, but this was reduced for good behaviour.
What is Intra-Class Crime?
This is were the classes commit crimes against people of the same class as them / Crimes within a class - EG: The working-class committing crimes against the working-class!
Often times, it is not working-class perpetrators with middle-class victims; it is working-class perpetrators with working-class victims!
What did Slapper and Tombs investigate?
They investigated different types of Corporate Crime!
(SLAPPER AND TOMBS) How many different types of Corporate Crimes did they identify?
6!
(SLAPPER AND TOMBS) Give an example as to how ‘Paperwork and Non-Compliance’ can be a Corporate Crime.
GPs using the system to write false prescriptions and falsifying data and qualifications – EG: Croall!
