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Anatomy Lecture > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is cytology?

A

The study of cells

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2
Q

How are squamous cells shaped? And what cells are squamous cells?

A

Flat and tile shaped (epidermis of the skin)

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3
Q

How are cuboidal cells shaped? And what cells are cuboidal shaped?

A

cube shaped (liver cells)

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4
Q

How are columnar cells shaped? And what cells are columnar shaped?

A

columns (inner lining cells of the stomach

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5
Q

How are polygonal cells shaped?

A

Ball shaped

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6
Q

How is cell sized determine? (its relationship)

A

It is between the volume and surface area

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7
Q

What increases faster in a cell. the volume or surface area?

A

the volume

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8
Q

Define the Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

A
  • Has less resolution but produces 3-D images
  • Does not see through the object but can view only the surface of the specimen
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9
Q

Define the Light microscope (LM)

A

Limited to magnification you can see color but cannot see the plasma membrane

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10
Q

Define the Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

A
  • High resolution
    Slices the specimen and cannot reuse the specimen
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11
Q

What are cytoskeletons in the cytoplasm?

A

Framework of the cell

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12
Q

What are inclusions in the cytoplasm?

A

Foreign material or stored cell products

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13
Q

What is cytosol in the cytoplasm?

A

The fluid of the cell

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14
Q

What is the role of the plasma membrane?

A

Let stuff go in and out of cell

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15
Q

What part of the phospholipids are hydrophilic and which are hydrophobic?

A
  • The heads are hydrophilic
  • The tails are hydrophobic
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16
Q

What does cholesterol do in the plasma membrane?

A

Stiffens and not stiffens the membrane right by the phospholipids

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17
Q

Whare are glycolipids located in the plasma membrane?

A

Only on the extracellular face

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18
Q

What are peripheral proteins?

A

Proteins that are not imbedded in the lipid bi layer but are only on the outside intercellular or extracellular face

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19
Q

What are integral proteins?

A

they are proteins that are imbedded into the lipid bi layer

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20
Q

What are transmembrane proteins?

A

They go through the bilayer

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21
Q

What are receptor proteins?

A

It passes the message through to the inside of the bilayer

22
Q

What are enzyme proteins?

A

they break down a certain thing when it attaches to it

23
Q

What are channel proteins?

A

It lets stuff through

24
Q

What are gated channel proteins?

A

it opens and closes and lets certain things through

25
Q

what are cell-identity molecules?

A

it identifies the things that attach to it

26
Q

What are cell-adhesion molecules?

A

it links two cells together

27
Q

Why do transport membrane transportation happen?

A

Because of different concentrations on the outside and inside of the cell

28
Q

Define filtration

A

(moves molecules and small things by physical pressure)

29
Q

Define simple diffusion

A

(moves molecules and small things high to low concentration NO ENERGY)

30
Q

Define Osmosis

A

(moves molecules and small things by WATER MORE WATER TO LESS WATER high to low concentration)

31
Q

Define facilitated diffusion

A

(moves molecules and small things uses a transport protein to move things)

32
Q

Define Active transport

A

(moves molecules and small things Low to High concentration it needs ATP and uses transport proteins)

33
Q

Define vesicular transport

A

(it does endocytosis which brings matter into the cell) (and it does exocytosis which releases material from the cell)

34
Q

What is pinocytosis

A

Cell drinking (bringing in liquid)

35
Q

What are receptor mediated endocytosis?

A

It brings a specific molecule in

36
Q

What are microvilli?

A

(increases surface area to maximize the capacity for materials to absorb matter)

37
Q

What is glycocalyx?

A

It is a sugar coat of the cells

and it cushions the plasma membrane and protects it

38
Q

What are cell junctions?

A

they are the things that anchor the cells to each other

39
Q

what are Tight junctions?

A

it links the cells together like a zipper NOTHING GETS THROUGH

40
Q

All food is floating by in the digestive system including digestive enzymes. What would happen it the digestive enzymes traveled down and in between cells?

A

They would reach the blood vessels which would be catastrophic

41
Q

What are desmosomes?

A

It prevents substances from pulling a part. It DOES NOT prevent things from going through or around them. It is like a snap on a onsie

42
Q

What are gap junctions

A

it links cells together and allow small substances to be transported between cells

43
Q

What are the roles of microfilaments?

A

help the cell move

44
Q

What are the roles of intermediate filaments?

A

give cell its shape

45
Q

What are the roles of microtubules?

A

holds cells in place and is cell division

46
Q

What do proteasomes do?

A

break down proteins

47
Q

What do centrioles do?

A

sacrifice their self for a more specialize function

48
Q

What are inclusions?

A

the accumulate cell products and internalize foreign matter

49
Q

What are adult stem cells?

A

they are multipotent (can be turned int bone marrow) and produce cells with rapid turnover

50
Q

What are embryonic cells?

A

They are pluripotent (can turn into any embryonic or adult type cell)
they are obtained by excess embryos created in fertility clinics

Anatomy Lecture (11 decks)

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