Endocrine pharm FA (INSULINS) ORAL nr1.

Question 1

Biguanides agent?

Answer 1

metformin

Question 2

metformin efect in liver?

Answer 2

inhibit hepatic gluconeogenesis and the action of glucagon, by inhibiting mGPD.

Question 3

metformin other efects?

Answer 3

incr. glycolysis, incr. peripheral glucose uptake (incr. insulin sensitivity).

Question 4

metformin adverse?

Answer 4

GI upset, lactic acidosis (use with caution in renal insufficiency), B12 deficiency
Promote weight loss (often desired)

Question 5

Sulfonylureas. 1st generation?

Answer 5

chlorpropamide, tolbutamide

Question 6

Sulfonylureas. 2nd generation?

Answer 6

glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide

Question 7

chlorpropamide, tolbutamide?

Answer 7

Sulfonylureas. 1st generation

Question 8

glimepiride, glipizide, glyburide?

Answer 8

Sulfonylureas. 2nd generation

Question 9

sulfonylureas mechanism?

Answer 9

close K chanels in pancreatic Beta cells -> cell depolarizes -> insulin release via Ca influx

Question 10

close K chanels in pancreatic Beta cells -> cell depolarizes -> insulin release via Ca influx?

Answer 10

sulfonylureas and meglitinides

Question 11

meglitinides agents?

Answer 11

nateglinide, repaglinide

Question 12

nateglinide, repaglinide?

Answer 12

meglitinides

Question 13

meglitinides mechanism?

Answer 13

same as sulfonylureas

Question 14

1st generation sulfo - adverse?

Answer 14

disulfiram-like reactios

Question 15

2nd generation sulfo - adverse?

Answer 15

hypoglycemia

Question 16

in general sulfa and meglitinides adverse?

Answer 16

hypoglycemia (incr. risk with renal failure), weight gain