Endocrine pharm FA (INSULINS) ORAL nr.2

Question 1

DPP-4 inhibitors?3

Answer 1

linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin

Question 2

linagliptin, saxagliptin, sitagliptin?

Answer 2

DPP-4 inhibitors

Question 3

DPP-4 inhibitors mechanism?

Answer 3

inhibits DPP-4 enzyme that deactivates GLP1

Question 4

DPP-4 inhibitors on glucagon, gatric?

Answer 4

decr.glucagon release, gastric emptying -> satiety, incr. glucose dependent insulin release

Question 5

DPP-4 inhibitors adverse?

Answer 5

mild urinary or respiratory infections, weight neutral, no hypoglycemia

Question 6

mild urinary or respiratory infections, weight neutral, no hypoglycemia?

Answer 6

DPP-4 inhibitors

Question 7

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones agents?2

Answer 7

pioglitazone, rosiglitazone

Question 8

pioglitazone, rosiglitazone?

Answer 8

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones

Question 9

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone) mechanism?

Answer 9

activate PPAR-gama (a nuclear receptor) -> incr. insulin sensitivity and levels of adiponectin -> upregulation of glucose metabolism and fatty acid storage

Question 10

activate PPAR-gama (a nuclear receptor) -> incr. insulin sensitivity and levels of adiponectin -> upregulation of glucose metabolism and fatty acid storage?

Answer 10

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone)

Question 11

Glitazones/thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone, rosiglitazone) adverse?

Answer 11

weight gain, edema, HF, incr. risk of fractures.
Delayed onset of action (several weeks)

Question 12

SGLT2 inhibitors? 3

Answer 12

canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin

Question 13

canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin mechanism?

Answer 13

block absorbtion of glucose in proximal convoluted tubule

Question 14

block absorbtion of glucose in proximal convoluted tubule?

Answer 14

canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin

Question 15

canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin adverse?

Answer 15

glucosuria, UTIs, vaginal yeast infection (candidasis), hyperkalemia, dehydration (orthostatic hypotension), weight loss. Not recommended if kidney function is impaired (decr. efficacy with decr. GFR)

Question 16

glucosuria, UTIs, vaginal yeast infection (candidasis), hyperkalemia, dehydration (orthostatic hypotension), weight loss. Not recommended if kidney function is impaired (decr. efficacy with decr. GFR)

Answer 16

canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin adverse

Question 17

alfa-glucosidase inhibitors? 2

Answer 17

acarbose, miglitol

Question 18

acarbose, miglitol?

Answer 18

alfa-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 19

alfa-glucosidase inhibitors mechanism?

Answer 19

inhibit intestinal brush-border alfa glucosidases -> delayed carbohydrate hydrolysis and glucose absorbtion -> decr. postprandial hyperglycemia

Question 20

inhibit intestinal brush-border alfa glucosidases -> delayed carbohydrate hydrolysis and glucose absorbtion -> decr. postprandial hyperglycemia?

Answer 20

alfa-glucosidase inhibitors

Question 21

alfa-glucosidase inhibitors (acarbose, miglitol) adverse?

Answer 21

Gi upset: diarrhea, flatulence, abdominal pain
Not recommended if kidney function is impaired