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.pharmocology > Reproductive Pharmacology > Flashcards

Reproductive Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

______________ regulates overall reproduction

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

What 2 hormones come from the hypothalamus

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Dopamine: prolactin- inhibitor hormone
They stimulate/ inhibit the release of anterior pit hormones

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3
Q

Anterior pituitary glands

A

Gonadotropins: FSH and LH (act on ovaries + negative feedback on pituitary)
Prolactin

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4
Q

GnRH

A

Targets anterior pit. to release LH and FSH
Pulsatile release

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5
Q

Increased and decreased GnRH

A

↑= secretion of LH
↓= greater FSH release

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6
Q

Continuous administration of GnRH

A

Desensitization and down regulation of GnRH receptors on pituitary gonadotropes
Medical castration

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7
Q

Follitropin

A

FSH
Superovulation in cattle

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8
Q

Folluttein and Chrorulon

A

hCG
Horses: infertility, male impotence
Cow: cystic ovaries
Pig: induce estrus
Cats: pseudopregnancy
Dog: cryptorchidism

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9
Q

Ovagen and Pg600 combo

A

In anestrus for sheep and goat: stimulates ovarian follicular growth
Pig: induces estrus

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10
Q

Mentropins

A

Mostly FSH like effect
Cattle: superovulation

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11
Q

Gonadorelin

A

Causes surge like release of FSH and LH
Ovulation induction, infertility treatment

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12
Q

Extralabel use of gonadorelin

A

GnRH stimulation test to differentiate castration from cryptorchidism
Cystic ovarian disease in bitches
Detect ovarian remains in queens after OVH

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13
Q

Superelorin use in mares

A

GnRH analog
Estrual mares to induce ovulation by ↑ LH and inducing ovulation within 48 hrs

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14
Q

Superelorin use in other animals

A

Adrenal disease in ferrets (restricted in major species)
Birds with chronic egg-laying/ behavioral
Contraceptive
Aggression in males

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15
Q

Gonadotropins MOA

A

LH and hCG act on LH receptor
FSH on FSH receptor
eCG on both receptors ^
G-protein coupled receptors ↑ cAMP levels

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16
Q

eCG

A

FSH like activity
Except in horses LH like activity
Super ovulation

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17
Q

Leuprolide (LH agonist)

A

Negative feedback: Initially ↑ FSH and LH, then inhibits them
Estrogen and androgen levels ↓ in serum

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18
Q

Leuprolide uses

A

Chronic egg laying in birds
Ovarian cysts in GPs

19
Q

Legal note about GnRH products

A

Illegal to use products in combination with another drug for estrous synchrony unless approved combos

20
Q

Prolactin

A

Major regulator is dopamine (agonist= inhibit)
Stimulates lactation in postpartum period
No analog

21
Q

Metoclopramide

A

↑ prolactin: dopamine antagonist
Antiemetic in small animal, ↑ GI motility in small and large animals

22
Q

Domperidone

A

↑ prolactin: dopamine antagonist
Stimulates ↑ in lactation through prolactin stimulation
Treatment for fescue toxicosis causing agalactia

23
Q

Oxytocin in the uterus

A

Stimulates frequency and force of uterine contraction
Effects dependent on estrogen
Progesterone antagonizes stimulant effect of oxytocin

24
Q

Oxytocin in the mammary gland

A

Induces contraction of smooth muscle, resulting in milk ejection

25
Q

Oxytocin MOA

A

G-protein coupled membrane receptors
Activation lead to generation of IP3 (metabolizes Ca2+)
Depolarization-contraction of smooth muscle tissue with oxytocin contractions

26
Q

Clinical uses of oxytocin

A

Labor induction (make sure there’s no obstruction, can cause uterine rupture)
Milk let down
Persistent endometritis (mare)

27
Q

Dinoprost (PGF2a analog)

A

Luteolytic agent produced by the endometrium
Activates GPCR linked to IP3 Ca2+ protein kinase pathway (↓ steroidogenesis and luteolysis)

28
Q

Dinoprost function

A

↓ progesterone via luteolysis of the CL
↓ placental progesterone production

29
Q

Dinoprost clinical uses

A

Estrus synchronization
Abortion and parturition in dogs
Uterine contractions in cows
Mating-induced endometritis in mare
Uterine infections in bitches
Inducing parturition in sow

30
Q

Dinoporost adverse reactions

A

↑ smooth muscle tones→ diarrhea, abdominal discomfort, bronchoconstriction, ↑ BP
Inducement of abortion leading to retained placenta

31
Q

Dinoprost should not be handled by ___________

A

Pregnant women
can be absorbed through the skin

32
Q

MOA of estrogen and progesterone

A

Binds to intracellular steroid hormones
Hormone-receptor complex interacts with DNA at hormone response elements (transcription factor)

33
Q

Clinical use for estradiol

A

Neg feedback of LH and FSH
Estrus synchronization
Urinary incontinence and perianal gland adenoma in dogs

34
Q

Progestins

A

Long lasting ovarian suppression and synchornization of estrous cycle
↑ feedback and ↓ LH and FSH output

35
Q

Altrenogest (progestin)

A

Controls estrus cycle in mare and pig
High doses: fetal abnormalities in horses

36
Q

Melengstrol Acetate (progestin)

A

Approved: medicated feed to suppress estrus in heifers
Not: synchronizing estrous cycle/ advancing estrus in heifers

37
Q

Parturition in cattle

A

Glucorticoids (dexamethasone, flumethasone)
PGF2a, cloprostenol

38
Q

Parturition in other animals

A

Farrowing (pigs): PGF2a
Mare: oxytocin

39
Q

Cryptorchidism

A

Serial injections of hCG

40
Q

Anabolic steroids (Test.)

A

Equine: ↑ athletic performance
Dogs and cats: aplastic anemia and myeloproliferative disease
Ex: stanozolol, nandrolone, boldenone undecylenate

41
Q

Stanozolol (BANNED)

A

↑ erythropoiesis, arouse appetite, promote weight gain in equine

42
Q

Nandrolone (BANNED)

A

Improve weight gain and appetite in equine

43
Q

Finasteride

A

Irreversible 5a reductase inhibitor
Blocks conversion of Testosterone to 5a dihydrotest.
Treats benign prostatic hyperplasia (apoptosis)

.pharmocology (21 decks)

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