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.pharmocology > Antiprotozoals > Flashcards

Antiprotozoals Flashcards

1
Q

Nitroimidazole

A

Metronidazole and tinidazole
Spectrum: Giardia
Strictly forbidden in food producing animals

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2
Q

Nitroimidazole MOA

A

Interacts with protozoal DNA and causes damage and strand breakage

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3
Q

Metronidazole (flagyl)

A

Eliminated giardia cyst shedding in cats
Tx infections by Giardia, entamoeba, balantidium, trichomoniasis in dogs
Side effect: neurotoxicosis

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4
Q

Tinidazole

A

Suppresses shedding of T. foetes in cats
Giardia in dogs

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5
Q

Benzimidazoles

A

Spectrum: Giardia
Drugs: albendazole, fenbendazole, febantel

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6
Q

Benzimidazoles MOA

A

Inhibits tubulin polymerization and fumarate reductase

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7
Q

Benzimidazoles uses

A

Tx of helminth in large and small animals (anthelminitcs)
Giardiasis in cats and dogs

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8
Q

Albendazole uses

A

Large animals: Broad spectrum against nematode and trematodes
Dogs: giardia cysts

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9
Q

Albendazole toxicities

A

BM depression, anorexia, depression, etc.
Should not be used in cats
Contraindicated in pregnant animals (teratogenic)

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10
Q

Fenbendazole uses

A

Giardia organisms in dogs, cats and cattle
Cats co-infected with cryptosporidium

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11
Q

Febantel (Drontal-Plus) uses

A

With pyrantel pamoate + praziquantel for intesinal nematodes and cestodes in dogs and cats
Tx Giardia in dogs and cats (safer)

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12
Q

Parmomycin (aminoglycosides) uses

A

Giardiasis, luminal ameobiasis, leishmaniassis, crytosporidiosis in dogs and cats
ELDU in cattle and goats for cryptosporidiosis

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13
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Sulfamethazine, sulfadimethoxine, sulfaquinoxaline
Used for coccidiosis (anticoccidials)

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14
Q

Tx of coccidiosis

A

Turkeys and chickens: Sulfamethazine
Cattle: sulfaquinoxaline
Dogs and cats: sulfadimethoxine

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15
Q

DHFR/ TS inhibitors

A

Trimethoprim, ormetoprim, pyremethamine

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16
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Coccidiosis, toxoplasmosis, neosporosis, EPM, malaria
Adverse on BM (rescued by folinic acid)

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17
Q

Ormetoprim uses

A

Poultry, chicken, turkeys and dogs: combo with sulfadimethoxine for coccidiosis

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18
Q

Pyremethamine

A

Dogs and cats: toxoplasmosis and K9 neosporosis
Horses: EPM with sulfadiazine

19
Q

Amprolium (thiamine analogues)

A

Eimeria infections in chickens, turkeys, pheasants and calves
Coccidiosis in chickens, turkeys, pheasants, dogs, cats and cattle

20
Q

Amprolium MOA

A

Competitive inhibition of active thiamine transport into the parasite
Freely soluble in water

21
Q

Side effects of amprolium

A

High doses: thiamine deficiency
Dogs: neuro, depression, anorexia and diarrhea

22
Q

Robenidine (Guanidine derivative)

A

Prevention of coccidiosis in chickens

23
Q

Pyrindinols (clopidol)

A

Prevention of coccidiosis in chickens and turkeys
Prevention of Leucocytozoon smithi infection in turkeys

24
Q

Polyether ionophores

A

Monesin, Lasalocid, Salinomycin, Semduramicin, Narasin, Maduramycin
Wide spread usage in poultry industry

25
Q

Polyether ionophores MOA

A

Forms lipophilic complexes with alkali metal cations and transports them through cell membrane → swelling and rupture of sporozoites and merozoites

26
Q

Polyether ionophores uses

A

Anticoccidiocidal
Premixes for prevention of coccidia in chickens
Lasalocid (turkeys, chickens, partridges, sheep, cattle, rabbits)
Monesin (quail, cattle and goats)

27
Q

__________ is very toxic in horses and can cause death

A

Monensin

28
Q

Halofuginone (alkaloids)

A

Prevention of coccidiosis in chickens and turkey
Curative against theleria in cattle

29
Q

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis

A

Caused by Sarcocystis neurona
Progressive neuro dz in equine
Horse aberrant or dead-end host to the parasite
Infected possum shed sporocysts

30
Q

Ponazuril (Marquis)

A

Primary metabolite of Toltrazuril (Baycox)
Minimum side effects (blisters, skin rash, loose stool, mild colic)

31
Q

Ponazuril MOA

A

Interferes with mitochondrial respiration and nuclear division of the schizont

32
Q

Ponazuril uses

A

First drug approved for treating EPM
Coccidial tx

33
Q

Lincosamides

A

Clindamycin and Lincomycin
For toxoplasmosis and neospora sp. in cats and dogs

34
Q

Azithromycin (Azalides)

A

Activity against bacteria and mycoplasms
Cattle: cryptosporoidiosis
Dogs:Azithromycin and atovaquone against babesis gibsoni

35
Q

Imidocarb dipropoinate (diamidine derivative)

A

Tx K9 babesiosis
Tx babesia in cattle and horses

36
Q

Diminazene diacenturate

A

Babesia of cattle, horses and dogs
Tx cytauxzoon in cats

37
Q

Nitazoxanide (nitrothiazole derivative)

A

EPM in horses
Spectrum: giardia, coccidia, cryptospridiosis, S. neurona

38
Q

Side effects of Nitazoxanide

A

Don’t use in horses <1 yr old
Fatal enterocolitis for horses

39
Q

Arsenicals

A

Spectrum: histomoniasis, coccidiosis
Nitarsone, MOA unclear

40
Q

Arsenicals uses

A

Humans: Africa trypanosomiasis
Chickens and turkeys: Nitarsone for prevention of histomoniasis (dangerous in ducks, geese and dogs)

41
Q

Pentavalent Antimonials

A

Leishmania sp.
Meglumine antimonate to tx K9 leishmaniasis

42
Q

Aminoquinolones

A

Cloroquine
Tx avian malaria
Tx malaria in penguins (Plasmodium relictum)

43
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Cattle: tx anaplasma marginale infections
Horses: chlortetracycline for babesia equi
Dogs: doxycycline for babesia canis

44
Q

Nitrofurtimox (nitrofurans)

A

Tx human Trypansosomas cruzi and K9 T. cruzi
Restricted use in food-producing animals

.pharmocology (21 decks)

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