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.pharmocology > Antiseptics and Disinfectants > Flashcards

Antiseptics and Disinfectants Flashcards

1
Q

Sterilization

A

The actor process that destroys or eliminated all forms of life, especially microorgs including spores

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2
Q

Disinfection

A

Killing of pathogenic organisms by direct application of physical or chemical agents

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3
Q

Antiseptics

A

Destroy or inhibits the growth of microorgs in or on living tissue (handwashes, sx scrubs)

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4
Q

Disinfectants

A

Eliminate or reduce harmful/pathogenic microorgs (except spores) from inanimate object surfaces

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5
Q

Cleansers

A

Cleans or removes dirt or debris (surfactants and detergents)
Prior to dinfection or antisepsis tx (soap or germicide)

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6
Q

Soap

A

Emulsify and solubilize hydrophobic firt, fat and protoplasmic membrane
NOT a germicide

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7
Q

Germicide

A

Agent that destroys microorgs, especially pathogenic organisms

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8
Q

Resistant levels

A

Low-level: bacteria
Intermediate level: Fungi
High-level: bacterial spores

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9
Q

Critical items

A

Enter or penetrate the skin or mm- must be sterilized
Scalpel, sx instruments, needles

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10
Q

Semi-critical tems

A

Touch intact mm
Catheters, endoscopes (high level)

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11
Q

Non-critical items

A

Don’t touch mm but may contact the skin
Cages, tables, food bowels (low to intermediate level)

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12
Q

Chlorine Compounds

A

Low to intermediate level disinfectants
Sodium hypochlorite (Dakin’s Solution) and Organic chlorides (chloramine-T)

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13
Q

Chlorine compounds MOA

A

Release of free chlorine and formation of HOCl from water
Acidic pH will enhance activity

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14
Q

Chlorine compound uses

A

Sanitation: dairy equipment, animal housing, hospital floor, non-critical items

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15
Q

Chlorine compounds limitations

A

Corrosive to metals, destroys fabrics
Unstable to light
Inactivated by the presence of blood
Irritates mm
Strong irritating odor

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16
Q

Hypochlorite containing disinfectants

A

Effective in killing dermatophyte Microsporum canis

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17
Q

Water soluble chlorine compounds

A

Used in water disinfection and poultry processing to control Salmonella

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18
Q

Iodine compounds

A

Low to intermediate-level biocidal activity
Free iodine (germicidal) insoluble in water

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19
Q

Tincture of iodine

A

Kills 90% bacteria in 3 min
Irritating, corrodes metals, stains skin and clothing, painful to open wounds and delays healing

20
Q

Tamed iodines (iodophors)

A

Common solubilizing carrier: PVP or povidone
Srub, spray, swabs, pads
Strong antiseptic, prevents bacterial growth

21
Q

Alcohol

A

Intermediate-level biocidal activity
Antiseptics > disinfectants
Most rapid and greatest reduction of microbes

22
Q

Alchol uses

A

Alchol based sanitary hand gels in hopsitals
Kills bacteria, fungi and some viruses at high conc.

23
Q

Alcohol PK

A

Ethyl (70%) and Isopropyl (50%)
Evaporates easy and lacks residual action
Can’t be used to sterilize

24
Q

Biguanides (Chlorhexidine)

A

Antiseptic
Non-irritating and acts within 30 sec
Some residual activity (5-6hr)

25
Q

Chlorhexidine uses

A

Presx antiseptic, wound flush, teat dip
Combines with alcohol to ↑ efficacy
Used as C. digluconate or C. diacetate

26
Q

Polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)

A

Used for infections in the eye, mouth and vagina
Contact lens disinfectants
Against G+ and G- bacteria: MRSA, pseudomonas and strept

27
Q

Detergents

A

Surface activate agents: cleansing
Emulsifying agents with antibacterial property
Ionic (cationic and anionic), nonionic (not antibacterial)

28
Q

Anionic detergents

A

Active in mild acid solution
Soaps and sodium lauryl sulphate
Soap emulsifies grease and loosens keratin, dirt and debris

29
Q

T/F: Anionic Detergents are active against G+ organisms only

A

TRUE

30
Q

What is combined with anionic detergents

A

Phenol, chlorhexidine, potassium iodide to ↑ antibacterial activity

31
Q

Cationic detergents

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds
G+ and G- bacteria
Disinfect floor, wall and equipment

32
Q

Cetrimide (cationic detergent)

A

Skin cleaning and wound dressing
Dairy equipment, utensils and clothes and hands
Prophylactic agents against mastitis
Anti-rust agents

33
Q

Benzalkonium chlorides (cationic detergent)

A

Skin sterilization
MM and clean deepp wounds

34
Q

Glutaraldehyde- 2% Cidex

A

Chemo sterilizing agent, active against bacteria, fungi, viruses, spores and biofilms
High level disinfection: 10-30m, sterilization 6-10hr of contact time

35
Q

Glutaraldehyde- 2% Cidex MOA

A

Denaturation of protein and alkylating agent

36
Q

Glutaraldehyde- 2% Cidex use

A

Disinfection for lensed clinical equipment (endoscope or cryoscope) and tx of blood products

37
Q

Hydrogen peroxide (oxidizing compounds)

A

Antiseptic: initial tx of recently contaminated wounds
Disinfection of soft contact lenses
Combined with surfactant and stabilizer to improve antimicrobial activity

38
Q

Potassium peroxy monosulfate (PPMS)- oxidizing compound

A

Oxidizing agent for pools and hot tubs
High-level disinfectant in cirital areas

39
Q

Peracetic Acid (PAA)

A

Highly biocidal oxidizer
PAA and peroxide combination
Sterilant/ antiseptic/disinfectant

40
Q

Peracetic Acid uses

A

Removes surface contaminants (protein)
Automated systems: medical, sx and dental instruments
US meat and poultry plants

41
Q

Phenols

A

Carbolic acid
Oldest antiseptic, not used due to toxicity
Triclosan

42
Q

Phenol uses

A

M. tuberculosis
Bacteria, fungi and yeasts
In soaps, deodorants, shampoos, toothpastes, medical supplies

43
Q

Ethylene oxide (C2H4O4)

A

Water soluble flammable gas used to temperature-sensitive medical devices or equipment
Kills bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses and spores

44
Q

Formaldehyde gas

A

Viruses, fungi, bacteria, and bacterial spores
Disinfection of hopsital linen and food-producing industries
gases affected by humidity

45
Q

Sx antiseptic uses

A

Skin, mm and wounds

46
Q

Specific antisepsis

A

Chlorhexidine
Iodophor
Alcohol-containing products
Iodine
Hexachlorophene
Soap

47
Q

Scrub/solution preps

A

Chlorhexidine: gluconate scrub- antiseptic for intact skin
Chlorhexidine acetate: solution- antiseptic for wounds
Povidine iodine scrub- antiseptic for intact skin
Povidone iondine solution- antiseptic for mm

.pharmocology (21 decks)

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