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A & P II > A & P - RESPIRATORY > Flashcards

A & P - RESPIRATORY Flashcards

1
Q

How do vocal cords work

A

-posterior criccoartyneoid muscle: OPEN (abduction folds)
-lateral cricoarytenoid muscle: CLOSED (adduction folds, produce vibration; sound)

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2
Q

internal & external respiration

A

INTERNAL: O2 in bloodstream deposited into tissue throughout body
EXTERNAL: bringing O2 from external environment into alveoli of lungs to be deposited into bloodstream

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3
Q

what structures are in conducting zone/ respiratory zone

A

CONDUCTING ZONE (bringing air into lungs): nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, terminal bronchioles
RESPIRATORY ZONE (main site of gas exchange): respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

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4
Q

lower & upper respiratory tract

A

UPPER: nasal cavity, pharynx
LOWER: larynx, trachea, primary bronchi, secondary-segmental bronchi, tertiary bronchi, terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

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5
Q

what produces sound in vocal cords

A

air passing through closed vocal cords

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6
Q

Carina

A

-where bronchi divide
-highly sensitive area for cough reflex

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7
Q

when you breathe air into lungs, how much air actually reaches respiratory bronchioles

A

70%

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8
Q

CO2 carried in blood

A

bicarbonate (70% converted)

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9
Q

which layer of trachea has C-shaped rings

A

hyaline cartilage

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10
Q

respiratory zone includes:

A

-respiratory bronchioles
-alveolar ducts
-alveolar sacs
-alveoli

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11
Q

what is Eupnea

A

normal, quiet breathing

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12
Q

which of these are part of alveolar walls

A

-type I, type II alveolar cells
-epithelial basement membrane
-capillary membrane & endothelium
-NOT MUCUS producing cells

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13
Q

pressure and volume (Boyles Law)

A

INVERSELEY proportional (related)

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14
Q

Surfactant

A

increases surface tension (type II alveolar cells secrete)

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15
Q

what decreases resistance

A

wider airway

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16
Q

Dalton’s Law is related to gases in a…

A

mixture of gases
= independent from one another

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17
Q

fluid in pleural membrane

A

decrease friction
-parietal & visceral layers

18
Q

T/F - do terminal bronchioles lead into respiratory bronchioles

A

TRUE

19
Q

Respiratory bronchioles vs/ Terminal bronchioles

A

-respiratory bronchioles: perform gas exchange
-terminal bronchioles: perform air conduction

20
Q

factors the affect pulmonary ventilation

A

-surface tension of alveolar fluid
-compliance of lungs
-airway resistance

21
Q

3 main types of cells in pulmonary lobule & their function

A

-Type I alveolar cells: main site of gas exchange
-Type II alveolar cells: surfactant, lower surface tension
-Alveolar macrophages: dust cells, remove dust / debris

22
Q

what part of brain controls respiration

A

medulla oblongata & pontines

23
Q

which muscles are involved in normal, quiet inhalation

A

external intercostals & diaphragm

24
Q

which muscles are involved in forced / laboured inhalation

A

scalenes, pec minor, SCM

25
Q

which muscles are involved in forced / laboured exhalation

A

abdominal, internal intercostal muscles

26
Q

which muscles are involved in normal, quiet exhalation

A

diaphragm, external intercostals

27
Q

% of oxygen that is carried in blood by hemoglobin

A

98.5%

28
Q

cells that produce surfactant

A

type II alveolar cells

29
Q

amount of air left in lungs

A

residual air

30
Q

hemoglobin molecules bind to __ atoms of iron, allowing it to bind to __ molecules of oxygen

A

4, 4

31
Q

person placed on supplemental oxygen at hospital, this is most directly an applicant of…

A

Henry’s Law (gasses & fluids)

32
Q

Rule #1

A

high concentration to low concentration

33
Q

which are not part of conducting zone

A

respiratory zone

34
Q

how many lobes does each lung have

A

-LEFT: 2 lobes
-RIGHT: 3 lobes

35
Q

lowest part of upper respiratory tract

A

pharynx

36
Q

epiglottis during breathing & eating

A

-OPEN: during breathing
-CLOSED: during eating

37
Q

what structures help form recognizable speach

A

-face
-neck
-mouth
-pharynx
-nasal cavity

38
Q

which factors decrease airflow in respiratory system

A

increased parasympathetic activity

39
Q

chemoreceptors detect level of…

A

O2, CO2, H+

40
Q

where internal respiration takes place

A

body

41
Q

where external respiration takes place

A

alveoli

A & P II (9 decks)

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