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Gross Anatomy > Arm > Flashcards

Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Repeated excessive pressure and friction causes bursa to become inflamed. This is called/

A

Subcutaneous olecranon bursitis “students elbow”

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2
Q

Biceps Brachii

A

O: Short head- tip of coracoid process. Long head- supraglenoid tubercle and glenoid labrum.
I: Tuberosity of the radius and fascia of the forearm via bicipital aponeurosis.
A: Supination of forearm; when supine, it flexes forearm; slight flexion at shoulder joint.
N: Musculocutaneous n. (C5, C6, C7)
B: Brachial a.

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3
Q

What’s the most effective at producing elbow flexion?

A

Flexed elbow (cloe to 90 degrees) and supinated forearm.

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4
Q

Brachialis

A

O: distal 1/2 of anterior surface of humerus
I: coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
A: flexion of forearm in all positions
N: Musculocutaneous n. (C5,C6), radial n. (C5,C7)
B: Brachial a.

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5
Q

Coracobrachialis

A 
O: tip of coracoid process
I: Middle 1/3 of medal surface of humerus
A: flexion and ADD of arm
N: Musculocutaneous n. (C5,C6,C7)
B: Axillary and brachial aa.
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6
Q

What occurs with “popeye deformity”?

A

Detached long head of biceps brachii m. from supraglenoid tubercle balls up near center of distal anterior aspect of arm.

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7
Q

Triceps Brachii

A

O: Long head- infraglenoid tubercle. Lateral head- Posterior surface of humerus superior to radial groove. Medial head- posterior surface of humerus inferior to radial groove.
I: proximal end of olecranon and fascia of forearm
A: Main extensor of forearm, long head aids in ADD and extension of humerus
N: Radial n. (C6, C7, C8)
B: profunda brachii a.

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8
Q

Anconeus

A

O: Lateral epicondyle of humerus
I: Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna
A: assists with forearm extension; tenses capsule of elbow joint
N: Radial n. (C7, C8, T1)

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9
Q

What is the brachial a. continuous with and what does it terminate into?

A

Continuation of axillary a. at inferior border of trees major.
-terminates in cubital fossa as radial and ulnar aa.

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10
Q

What accompanies the radial n. in radial groove and what does it terminate into?

A

profunda brachii a. terminating into middle and radial collateral aa.

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11
Q

What does the superior ulnar collateral a. anatomose with?

A

Anastomoses with posterior ulnar recurrent a. and inferior ulnar collateral a.

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12
Q

What does the inferior ulnar collateral a. anastamose with?

A

Anastomoses with superior ulnar collateral a. and anterior ulnar recurrent a.

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13
Q

What are the superficial v. of the arm?

A
  • Cephalic v.
  • Basilic v.
  • Median cubital v.
  • Intermediate antebrachial v. (20%)
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14
Q

What are the deep v. of the arm?

A

Brachial vv. (venae comitantes)

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15
Q

What does the cephalic v. communicate with?
What does it pass by?
Where does it enter?

A
  • communicates at elbow with median cubital v.
  • passes lateral to biceps brachii m.
  • enters deltopectoral groove
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16
Q

What does the basilica v. pierce?
Where does it run?
What does it merge with?

A
  • pierces brachial fascia near inferior and middle 1/3 of arm
  • runs superiorly with brachial a. and medial ante brachial cutaneous n.
  • Merges with brachial vv. to form axillary v.
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17
Q

What does the median cubital v. cross and what does it join?

A
  • crosses cubital fossa obliquely

- joins cephalic and basilica vv.

18
Q

Where does the intermediate ante brachial v. (20%) run and what does it divide into?

A
  • runs up meddling of anterior forearm

- divides into: median basilic v. (joins with basilic v.), median cephalic v. (joins with cephalic v.)

19
Q

What does the brachial vv. accompany?
Where is it formed?
Where does it end?

A

-Accompanies with brachial a.
Formed at elbow by the union of the venae comitantes of ulnar and radial aa.
-end by merging with basilica v. to form axillary v.

20
Q

What are the 5 nerves that innervate the arm?

A
  • musculocutaneous n.
  • radial n.
  • medial brachial cutaneous n.
  • intercostobrachial n.
  • superior lateral brachial cutaneous n.
21
Q

Musculoctaneous n.

  • Where does it come from?
  • What does it pierce and supply?
  • Where and what does it emerge into?
A
  • From lateral cord
  • pierces coracobrachialis, supplies it, also supplies biceps brachii, brachialis mm.
  • emerges into the lateral antebrachial cutaneous n.
  • cutaneous= of relating to, affecting the skin
22
Q

Radial n.

  • Where does it branch from?
  • What does it run with?
  • What does it supply?
  • What are it’s branches?
  • What does it divide into?
A
  • from terminal branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus
  • runs with profunda brachii a. in radial groove
  • supplies all muscles in posterior compartment
  • it’s branches are infer lateral brachial cutaneous n., posterior brachial cutaneous n., posterior ante brachial cutaneous n.
  • divides into: deep branch of radial n. and superficial branch of radial n.
23
Q

Medial brachial cutaneous n.

  • where is it from?
  • what does it supply
A
  • from medial cord of brachial plexus

- supplies skin of medial arm to medial epicondyle

24
Q

Intercostobrachial n.

  • where is it from?
  • what does it join?
  • what does it supply?
A
  • from 2nd inercostal n.
  • joins with medal brachial cutaneous n.
  • supplies skin of upper medial arm
25
Q

Superior lateral brachial cutaneous n.

  • where is it from?
  • what does it supply?
A
  • from axillary n.

- supplies skin over lower deltoid

26
Q

What are the causes of Injury to radial n. (C5-C8) in arm?

A
  • improper use of crutches
  • falling asleep with arm over chair (“saturday night palsy”)
  • posterior dislocation of glenohumeral (rare)
27
Q

What occurs with wrist drop?

A
  • due to inability to extend wrist and fingers at MP joint
  • wrist assumes partly flexed position due to unopposed action of flexors and gravity
  • loss of sensation to inferior lateral arm, posterior arm, forearm, dorsum of hand and lateral fingers
  • loss of sensation to dorsum of hand and lateral fingers
28
Q

What are the contents of the cubital fossa?

A
  • terminal part of brachial a.
  • deep accompanying vv.
  • biceps brachii t.
  • median n.
  • radial n.
29
Q

What are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A
  • lateral: brachioradialis m.
  • medial: pronator teres m.
  • base (superior): line between medial and lateral epicondyles
  • floor: supinator and brachialis mm.
  • roof: skin, fascia and bicipital aponeurosis
30
Q

What does the annular l. encircle?

A

-encircles radial head

31
Q

Where is the oblique cord?

-what does it do?

A
  • from coronoid process to radial shaft

- limits rotation and also limits distal movement of radius (pulling)

32
Q

What does the interosseous membrane do?

A

-limits proximal displacement of radius (pushing)

33
Q

What type of joint is the radio-ulnar joint?

A

fibrocartilaginous

34
Q

What muscles are in the superficial layer of the forearm flexor compartment?

A
  • pronator teres m.
  • flexor carpi radialis m.
  • palmaris longus m.
  • flexor carpi ulnaris m.
35
Q

What muscles are in the deep layer of the forearm flexor compartment?

A
  • flexor digitorum profundus m.
  • flexor pollicis longus m.
  • pronator quadratus m.
36
Q

Pronator Teres

A

O: ulnar head - coronoid process. Humeral head - medal epicondyle (ME) via common flexor tendon
I: Middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius
A: Pronation (when more speed and power is needed) and flexion of forearm
N: median n. (C6, C7)

37
Q

Flexor Carpi Radialis (FCR)

A

O: ME via common flexor tendon
I: base of 2nd metacarpal
A: Flexion and radial deviation of the hand
N: median n. (C6, C7)
*flexion is produced when acting with FCU
-radial deviation is produced when actin with ECRL and ECRB

38
Q

Palmaris Longus

A

O: ME via common flexor tendon
I: distal 1/2 of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis
A: flexion of hand at wrist and tenses palmar aponeurosis
N: median n. (C7, C8)

39
Q

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris (FCU)

A

O: humeral head - ME via common flexor tendon. ulnar head - olecranon and posterior border via aponeurosis
I: pisiform, hook of hamate and 5th metacarpal
A: flexion and ulnar deviation of hand
N: ulnar n. (C7, C8)

40
Q

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)

A

O: humeroulnar head - ME via common flexor tendon and coronoid process. radial head - superior 1/2 anterior border
I: Shafts of middle phalanges of medial 4 digits via split tendon
A: flexion of PIPs; strong flexion of MPs; flexion of wrist
N: Median (C7, C8, T1)

Gross Anatomy (15 decks)

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