Histology Of The Endocrine System Flashcards
Name 3 components of the anterior pituitary
Pars distalis
Pars intermedia
Pars tuberalis
Name three components of the posterior pituitary.
Pars nervosa/ neural lobe/ infundibular processes
Infundibular stem/ pituitary stalk
Infundibulum
Give 5 types of endocrine cells and an example for each
- Somatotrophs- Growth hormone
- Lactotrophs- Prolactin
- Corticotrophs- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
- Thyrotrophs- Thyroid-stimulating hormone
- Gonadotrophs- Follicle-stimulating hormone
Describe the structure of somatotrophs
Large, ovoid, polygonal
Describe the structure of gonadotrophs
Scattered like single cells, groups
Describe the structure of corticotrophs
Large polygonal, unstained perinuclear vacuole, cluster
Describe the structure of lactotrophs
Some rounded, polygonal
Name two hormones that the neurohypophysis secrete
Oxytocin and vasopressin
Name two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland
Thyroxine and calcitonin
What is the storage form of thyroxin
Thyroglobulin
What is the function of calcitonin
Inhibits Ca2+ resorption from bones, lowering blood calcium levels.
Name the hormone secreted by parathyroid and its function(3)
Parathormone, it increases the concentration of calcium in blood, it stimulates osteoclasts to erode bone, mobilizing calcium stored in bone.
Name 3 main cell types of parathyroid
Chief cells(active endocrine cells), adipocytes, oxyphil
Describe the structure of chief cells and oxyphil cells
Chief cells- spherical, small dark central nuclei
Oxyphil cells- larger, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm
Where are the adrenal glands located
On the upper poles of the kidneys