Histology Of The Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Name 3 components of the anterior pituitary

A

Pars distalis
Pars intermedia
Pars tuberalis

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2
Q

Name three components of the posterior pituitary.

A

Pars nervosa/ neural lobe/ infundibular processes
Infundibular stem/ pituitary stalk
Infundibulum

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3
Q

Give 5 types of endocrine cells and an example for each

A
  1. Somatotrophs- Growth hormone
  2. Lactotrophs- Prolactin
  3. Corticotrophs- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
  4. Thyrotrophs- Thyroid-stimulating hormone
  5. Gonadotrophs- Follicle-stimulating hormone
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4
Q

Describe the structure of somatotrophs

A

Large, ovoid, polygonal

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5
Q

Describe the structure of gonadotrophs

A

Scattered like single cells, groups

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6
Q

Describe the structure of corticotrophs

A

Large polygonal, unstained perinuclear vacuole, cluster

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7
Q

Describe the structure of lactotrophs

A

Some rounded, polygonal

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8
Q

Name two hormones that the neurohypophysis secrete

A

Oxytocin and vasopressin

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9
Q

Name two hormones secreted by the thyroid gland

A

Thyroxine and calcitonin

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10
Q

What is the storage form of thyroxin

A

Thyroglobulin

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11
Q

What is the function of calcitonin

A

Inhibits Ca2+ resorption from bones, lowering blood calcium levels.

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12
Q

Name the hormone secreted by parathyroid and its function(3)

A

Parathormone, it increases the concentration of calcium in blood, it stimulates osteoclasts to erode bone, mobilizing calcium stored in bone.

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13
Q

Name 3 main cell types of parathyroid

A

Chief cells(active endocrine cells), adipocytes, oxyphil

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14
Q

Describe the structure of chief cells and oxyphil cells

A

Chief cells- spherical, small dark central nuclei
Oxyphil cells- larger, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm

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15
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located

A

On the upper poles of the kidneys

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16
Q

Name 2 endocrine systems combined by the adrenal glands as well as the hormones they secrete

A

Adrenal cortex- steroid hormones.
Adrenal medulla- adrenaline and noradrenaline

17
Q

Name three zones of the adrenal cortex

A

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis

18
Q

What functions occurs in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata

A

Zona glomerulosa- synthesize and secretes mineralocorticoids.
Zona fasciculata- secretes cortisol and corticosterone.

19
Q

Name 3 forms of the neuroendocrine component of the pancreas

A

Islets of langerhans
Isolated nests or clumps of neuroendocrine cells
Single cells

20
Q

Name the structure that separates the islets of langerhans from exocrine in the pancreas

A

Fibrocollagenous capsule

21
Q

Four main cell types of the pancreas

A

Insulin and amylin-secreting:-beta cells
Glucagon-secreting:-alpha cells
Somatostatin-secreting:-delta cells/ type 3 cells
Pancreatic polypeptide-secreting:-PP/F cells

22
Q

True or false
Glugacon-secreting cells have a large secretory vesicle

A

False, it is somatostatin ones that have a larger one, glucagon secreting have smaller.

23
Q

What supplies (blood) the exocrine component of the pancreas

A

The network of capillaries in the islets merge with the arterioles outside the islets and supply the exocrine component.

24
Q

Function of the testosterone

A

Important for successful functioning of the male reproductive system

25
Q

What type of cells secrete testosterone

A

Leydig cells, under the influence of LH.

26
Q

What type of protein does sertoli cells produce in the male reproductive system

A

Androgen-binding proteins

27
Q

Function of ovaries

A

Produce steroid hormones, estradiol and progesterone.