Calcium Homeostasis: Bone and calcification hormones (pharmacology) Flashcards
Five functions of calcium
Nerve conductivity
Signal transduction
Blood coagulation
Muscle contraction
Formation and modulation of bone.
Three functions of phosphate
Metabolic factor required in all ATP-dependent reactions.
Lipid metabolism
Calcium regulation
Name the protein that carries calcium from GIT and deposits it in the blood
Calbindin
What are the symptoms and signs of hypercalcaemia? (4)
-Anorexia
-Muscle weakness, fatigue
-Constipation
-Abdominal pain
What are the causes of hypercalcaemia?
Immobilisation in children
Familial benign hypercalcaemia
Hyperthyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Hypervitaminosis D
What are the signs and symptoms of hypocalcaemia
-Laryngospasms
-Convulsions
-Tetany
-Muscle cramps
-Paraesthesia, increased neuromuscular excitability
What causes hypocalcaemia
Low calcium levels due to diet.
Low calcium levels due to low PTH.
What are the two vitamin D disorders
Hypervitaminosis D
Vitamin D deficiency
Why do women have a high incidence of osteoporosis?
Type 1 primary osetoporosis follows oestrogen deficiency during menopause.
Treatments for osteoporosis (6)
Calcium
Calcitonin
Vitamin D
Bisphosphonates
Thiazides
SORMs
First line of treatment for hypercalcaemia
Supplement with NaCl for hydration
Other treatments for hypercalcaemia
Bisphosphonates
Sodium phosphate
Plicamycin
Calcitonin
Treatment for hypocalcaemia (2)
CaCl2, Calcium gluconate
Therapeutic uses of vitD
Osteomalacia
Rickets caused by diet
Hypoparathyroidism
Renal osteodystrophy
Describe the mechanism of action of Bisphosphonates
They inhibit the enzyme responsible for the attachment of osteoclast to bone, inhibiting osteoclast activity.
