Autonomic Nervous System (pharmacology)

Question 1

What are the processes that the ANS regulate?

Answer 1

-Respiration
-Digestion
-Sweating
-Metabolism
-Temperature
-Circulation
-Some endocrine secretion

Question 2

Hardware requirements of the ANS (7)

Answer 2

-Neurons
-Ganglia
-Synapses
-Neurotransmitters
-Receptors
-End organ effect
-Termination of effect

Question 3

What are the termination of neurotransmitters processes? (4)

Answer 3

-Diffusion
-Re-uptake into the pre-synaptic neuron.
-Auto-inhibition
-Inactivation by enzymes

Question 4

What are the effects of alpha-1 receptor?

Answer 4

-Vasoconstriction
-Pupil dilation
-Bladder neck sphincter contraction

Question 5

What are the agonists for alpha-1 receptor?

Answer 5

Phenylephidrine and oxymetazoline

Question 6

When can we administer the alpha-1 agonists?

Answer 6

For eye examination (cause pupil dilation)
Hypotension (causes vasoconstriction, high BP)

Question 7

What is an alpha-1 antagonist?

Answer 7

Prazosin

Question 8

What effects does the beta-1 receptor have?

Answer 8

Increases heart rate and force of contraction.

Question 9

What is the beta-1 agonist?

Answer 9

Dobutamine

Question 10

What are the beta-1 antagonists?

Answer 10

Atenolol (selective)
Propanolol (non-selective)

Question 11

In which case do we administer the alpha-1 antagonist?

Answer 11

Hypertension ( causes vasodilation, lower BP)
Benign prostate hypertrophy ( relaxes bladder neck)
Glaucoma (causes pupil constriction)

Question 12

In which case can we administer the beta-1 agonists?

Answer 12

In cardiac arrest (increases rate and force)

Question 13

In which case can we use the beta-1 antagonists?

Answer 13

Hypertension

Question 14

What effects does the beta-2 receptor cause?

Answer 14

-Bronchodilation
-Uterus fundus relaxation

Question 15

What are the beta-2 agonists?

Answer 15

Salbutamol
Hexoprenaline
Salmeterol
Terbutaline

Question 16

In which cases can we administer the beta-2 agonists?

Answer 16

During asthma (bronchodilation)
To prevent premature labour (uterus fundus relaxation)

Question 17

What is the beta-2 antagonist?

Answer 17

Propranolol

Question 18

What effect does beta-3 have?

Answer 18

Fat lipolysis

Question 19

How can we inhibit the reuptake of neurotransmitters?

Answer 19

Using cocaine , tricyclic antidepressants.

Question 20

What is the agonist of NA that acts on the alpha-2 receptor (auto inhibition)?

Answer 20

Clonidine

Question 21

What are the antagonists of the alpha-2 receptor?

Answer 21

Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
Mianserin

Question 22

How can we increase NA levels in the synapse?

Answer 22

MAO inhibitors
Alpha-2 receptor antagonists
Reuptake inhibitors
COMT inhibitors

Question 23

What is the agonist for a nicotinic receptor?

Answer 23

Nicotine

Question 24

What is the antagonist of nicotinic receptor?

Answer 24

Hexamethonium

Question 25

What effects does the M2 receptor have?

Answer 25

Decreases the heart rate and contractility of atria

Question 26

What is an agonist for M2 receptor?

Answer 26

Pilocarpine

Question 27

What is an antagonist for M2 receptor?

Answer 27

Atropine

Question 28

What effects does the M3 receptor have on the eyes?

Answer 28

Pupil constriction Ciliary muscle contraction

Question 29

What effects does the M3 receptor has on the abdominal wall?

Answer 29

Bladder contraction Increases peristalsis Causes bronchoconstriction

Question 30

What is the M3 antagonist used for asthma and why?

Answer 30

Ipratroprium, it causes bronchodilation.

Question 31

What else does the M3 receptor do with regards to secretions?

Answer 31

Increases: -Sweating -Lacrimation -Broncho secretions - Salivation - Bile secretion

Question 32

What are the antagonists of acetylcholinesterase?

Answer 32

Neostigmine Physostigmine Organophosphates Donepezil Pyridostigmine