Endocrine Physiology Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name and explain three ways in which hormones interact

A

Synergism- the effect of two hormones is more than the effect of each hormone (1+1=3).
Permissiveness- One hormone cannot fully function without the presence of the other.
Antagonism- Two hormones oppose each other.

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2
Q

The stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the brain.

A

Infundibulum

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3
Q

Structure that links and co-ordinates the nervous and endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

Hormones produced in the hypothalamus are referred to as:

A

Neurohormones

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5
Q

How is the hypothalamus linked to the adenohypophysis, and the neurohypophysis(2)

A

Adenohypophysis via the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system.
Neurophysis via the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract

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6
Q

Term used for stimulating hormones

A

Librins

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7
Q

Term used for inhibiting hormones

A

Statins

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8
Q

Release of librins/statins controlled by: (2)

A

Negative feedback of target hormones and circulating nutrients
External factors

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9
Q

What are the functions of oxytocin and vasopressin

A

Oxytocin- stimulate milk ejection and parturition.
Vasopressin/ antidiuretic hormone- maintain water balance in the body.

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10
Q

From which part of the hypothalamus are ADH and Oxytocin produced?(2)

A

ADH- from the supraoptic nucleus
Oxytocin-from the paraventricular nucleus

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11
Q

Functions of vasopressin(2)

A

-Increases H2O reabsorption
- Causes vasoconstriction at high concentrations.

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12
Q

Two food intake that inhibits ADH secretion

A

-alcohol and caffeine

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13
Q

Two mechanisms that regulate the secretion of ADH

A

Osmoreceptors
Baroreceptors

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14
Q

What is the diff between osmoreceptors and baroreceptors

A

Osmoreceptors detect changes in osmotic pressure.
Baroreceptors detect changes in blood pressure.

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15
Q

Diseases caused by the malfunction of ADH(briefly explain)

A

Central diabetes insipidus- pituitary gland is unable to secrete ADH.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus- collecting ducts are unable to respond to the secreted ADH due to a mutation in the V2 receptor.
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion- can be caused by drugs, tumors or injury, causes continous secretion of ADH or increased action of ADH on collecting ducts.

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16
Q

Defect of GH deficiency

A

Short stature in children

17
Q

What does excess GH cause

A

Gigantism in children, acromegaly in adults

18
Q

Factors that causes the release or inhibition of TSH

A
  • Plasma concentration of thyroxine.
    -Thyrolibrin (TRH)
19
Q

Factors that causes the release or inhibition of ACTH

A

Corticolibrin
Negative feedback by cortisol

20
Q

Factors that causes the release or inhibition of Gonadotropins

A

Concentration of sex hormones as negative feedback
Lulibrin
Follitropin

21
Q

What is the inhibitor of prolactin?

A

Dopamine

22
Q

What is the inhibitor if GH?

A

Somatostatin