Endocrine Physiology Part 2 Flashcards
Name and explain three ways in which hormones interact
Synergism- the effect of two hormones is more than the effect of each hormone (1+1=3).
Permissiveness- One hormone cannot fully function without the presence of the other.
Antagonism- Two hormones oppose each other.
The stalk that connects the pituitary gland to the brain.
Infundibulum
Structure that links and co-ordinates the nervous and endocrine system
Hypothalamus
Hormones produced in the hypothalamus are referred to as:
Neurohormones
How is the hypothalamus linked to the adenohypophysis, and the neurohypophysis(2)
Adenohypophysis via the hypothalamo-hypophysial portal system.
Neurophysis via the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract
Term used for stimulating hormones
Librins
Term used for inhibiting hormones
Statins
Release of librins/statins controlled by: (2)
Negative feedback of target hormones and circulating nutrients
External factors
What are the functions of oxytocin and vasopressin
Oxytocin- stimulate milk ejection and parturition.
Vasopressin/ antidiuretic hormone- maintain water balance in the body.
From which part of the hypothalamus are ADH and Oxytocin produced?(2)
ADH- from the supraoptic nucleus
Oxytocin-from the paraventricular nucleus
Functions of vasopressin(2)
-Increases H2O reabsorption
- Causes vasoconstriction at high concentrations.
Two food intake that inhibits ADH secretion
-alcohol and caffeine
Two mechanisms that regulate the secretion of ADH
Osmoreceptors
Baroreceptors
What is the diff between osmoreceptors and baroreceptors
Osmoreceptors detect changes in osmotic pressure.
Baroreceptors detect changes in blood pressure.
Diseases caused by the malfunction of ADH(briefly explain)
Central diabetes insipidus- pituitary gland is unable to secrete ADH.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus- collecting ducts are unable to respond to the secreted ADH due to a mutation in the V2 receptor.
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion- can be caused by drugs, tumors or injury, causes continous secretion of ADH or increased action of ADH on collecting ducts.