15+16 Flashcards
(19 cards)
immunity
the capacity to recognize and defend against infections agents and other foreign substances
innate immunity
- everyone has similar innate system
- same response to all pathogens
- provides non-specific, hereditary defense and protection against many pathogens without prior exposure
adaptive immunity
- everyone has a different adaptive system
- respond to a particular agent called antigens
- it becomes more effective at defending human cells after the first invasion thanks to memory cells
- provides specific, non-hereditary defense and protection after exposure to a specific pathogen
what are the 5 types of innate defenses
- barriers
- cellular defenses
- molecular defenses
- fever responses
- inflammation responses
barriers
block pathogens from entering
what are the 3 types of barriers
- physical
- mechanical
- chemical
physical
skin, mucus membrane
mechnical
coughing, sneezing, vomiting
chemical
salt, pH-acid, lysozyme
cellular defenses
cells that engulf invading microorganisms
- cells attack by phagocytosis and release chemicals that help initiate an inflammatory response
fever response
- systemic increase in body temperature
- normal body temp is 37C
endogenous
- chemical release by macrophages and circulate via the blood to the hypothalamus
exogenous
exotoxins and endotoxins from microbes, which cause more endogenous pyrogen
what are the benefits of fever
- reduced microbial growth
- toxin inactivation
- increased metabolism and immune cells responses
- increased phagocytosis
- interferon
- lysosomal activity
how is inflammation harmful
- edema in the brain can cause brain damage
- can prevent breathing if constricts the airways in the lungs
- more oxygen and nutrients for microbes due to vasdilation
molecular
destroy or impede invading microbes
what are the two types of molecular
- complement
- interferon
complement
non-specific, but can be activated by immune reactions
interferon
one virus prevented the infections of another virus
