15 Flashcards
what is a monteggia fracture
dislocation of proximal radioulnar joint and ulnar fracture
fall on outstretched hand with forced pronation
what is galeazzi fracture
radial shaft fracture with associated dislocation of distal radioulnar joint
occur after fall on hand and rotational force
what are the layers of the skin from outside in
keratin, granule, prickle basal
what is the treatment of closed angle glaucoma
topical pilocarpine, whih constricts pupil and IV acetazolamine which stops aqueous production in the eye
what are pre-renal cuases of AKI
renal artery stenosis, hypovolaemia
what are renal causes of AKI
glomerulonephritis, drugs eg gentamicin
what are post-renal causes
enlarge prostate, hydronephrosis, tumous
what is becks triad (psychiatry)
negative symptom triad of negative view of self, world/environment and future
APH with succenturate lobe or velamentous insertion
vasa praevia
pruritus or itching when taking a hot bath
polycythaemia vera
describe pemphigus
affects younger people
antibodies IgG directed against desmosomes (desmoglein 1 and 3) which lead to acantholysis
oral mucosa tends to be affected
intracellular IgG giving a paving effect
how is pemphigus treated
prednisolone with gradual tapering or rituximab or IV immunoglobulin in resistant cases
describe bullous pemphigoid
older people
due to IgG antibodies to the basement membrane-hemidesmososmes
runs a relapsing, remitting course over 5-10 years
treatment of bullous pemphigoid
clobetasol or prednisolone
describe the 3rd heart sound
sounds like a horse galloping-hence gallop rhythm, heard in heart failure
an innocent sound can occur in children and young adults but never >30 years old
