1.5 Groups within the animal and plant kingdom Flashcards
(20 cards)
What are the different types of vertebrates?
There are five main types of vertebrates:
Mammals – Warm-blooded, have hair/fur, give live birth (most), and nurse their young.
Birds – Warm-blooded, have feathers, lay eggs, and have beaks.
Reptiles – Cold-blooded, have scales, and lay eggs (e.g., snakes, lizards).
Amphibians – Cold-blooded, live both in water and on land (e.g., frogs, salamanders).
Fish – Cold-blooded, live in water, have gills, and lay eggs (e.g., goldfish, sharks).
What are the different types of arthropods?
Arthropods are divided into four main groups:
Insects – Have three body parts (head, thorax, abdomen), six legs, and often wings (e.g., ants, butterflies).
Arachnids – Have two body parts and eight legs (e.g., spiders, scorpions).
Crustaceans – Have a hard exoskeleton, and most live in water (e.g., crabs, lobsters, shrimp).
Myriapods – Have many legs, with bodies divided into head and many segments (e.g., centipedes, millipedes).
What are the main characteristics of the Plant kingdom?
Plants are multicellular organisms.
Their cells have a nucleus and cell walls made of cellulose.
Plants contain chloroplasts with chlorophyll for photosynthesis, allowing them to make their own food.
They feed by photosynthesis.
They may have roots, stems and leaves (but some plants do not have these organs).
They are divided into:
Ferns – Non-flowering plants that reproduce via spores.
Flowering plants – Plants that reproduce via seeds, producing flowers.
What are the main characteristics of ferns?
Ferns are land plants and vascular plants (have xylem and phloem).
They undergo sexual reproduction and produce gametes (sex cells).
Ferns do not produce seeds; instead, the zygote directly becomes the fern plant.
What is the role of sporangia in ferns?
Sporangia are structures in ferns that produce spores, which help in reproduction and are released to grow into new fern plants.
What are the main characteristics of flowering plants?
Flowering plants are vascular plants with xylem and phloem.
They reproduce sexually through flowers that produce seeds.
The seed contains the embryo, which grows into a new plant.
Flowering plants can be divided into monocots and dicots based on their seed structure.
What are the differences between Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons?
Monocotyledons (Monocots) - Dicotyledons (Dicots)
1 Seed Leaf (Cotyledon) - 2 Seed Leaves (Cotyledons)
Their roots grow out directly from the stem. - They usually have a main root with side roots
coming out from it.
Their leaves have parallel veins. - Their leaves have a network of veins.
Flower Parts in Multiples of 3 - Flower Parts in Multiples of 4 or 5
They have vascular bundles in the stem,
arranged randomly. - They have vascular bundles in the stem, arranged in
a ring
Examples: Corn, Lily - Examples: Rose, Bean Plant
What are hyphae?
The main body of most fungi, including mushrooms and toadstools, is made up of microscopic threads called hyphae. These are made of many cells joined end to end. The cells have cell walls, but these are not made of cellulose.
What are the characteristics of fish?
They are vertebrates with scaly skin.
They have gills throughout their life.
They have fins.
Their eggs have no shells and are laid in water.
What are the characteristics of amphibians?
They are vertebrates with skin with no scales.
Their eggs have no shells and are laid in water.
The tadpoles live in water, but adults often live on land.
The tadpoles have gills for gas exchange, but adults have lungs.
What are the characteristics of reptiles?
They are vertebrates with scaly skin.
They lay eggs with soft shells.
What are the characteristics of birds?
They have feathers (and also sometimes a
few scales).
They have a beak.
Their front two limbs are wings (though not all birds can fly).
They lay eggs with hard shells.
What are the characteristics of mammals?
They have hair on their skin.
Their young develop in a uterus, attached to the mother by a placenta.
The females have mammary glands, which produce milk to feed their young.
They have different kinds of teeth (incisors, canines, premolars and molars).
They have a pinna (ear flap) on the outside of
the body.
They have sweat glands in the skin.
They have a diaphragm.
What are the characteristics of arthropods?
They have several pairs of jointed legs.
They have an exoskeleton.
What are the characteristics of insects?
They are arthropods with three pairs of jointed legs.
They have two pairs of wings (one or both may be vestigial).
They breathe through tubes called tracheae.
Their body is divided into a head, thorax and abdomen.
They have one pair of antennae.
What are the characteristics of Crustaceans?
They are arthropods with more than four pairs of jointed legs.
They have two pairs of antennae.
What are the characteristics of Arachnids?
They are arthropods with four pairs of jointed legs.
They have no antennae.
Their body is divided into two parts - a cephalothorax and abdomen.
What are the characteristics of Myriapods?
Their body consists of many similar segments.
Each of their body segments has jointed legs.
They have one pair of antennae.
What are the characteristics of ferns?
They are plants with roots, stems and leaves
(fronds).
They do not produce flowers. They reproduce by spores produced on the undersides of their fronds.
What are the characteristics of flowering plants?
They are plants with roots, stems and leaves.
They reproduce using flowers and seeds.
Their seeds are produced inside an ovary,
in the flower.
