Exam 1 Anticholinergic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Antimuscarinic classes

A

-tertiary amines
-quarternary amines

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2
Q

Anticholinergic mech

A

-block M receptor
-little effect on N receptors

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3
Q

Tertiary amine antimuscarinics

A

-Atropine
-Scopolamine
-Homatropine
-Tropicamide
-Benztropine
-Trihexyphenidyl

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4
Q

Quarternary amine antimuscarinics

A

-Ipratropium
-Titropium

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5
Q

Atropine and Scopolamine

A

-belladonna alkaloids
-M NONselective

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6
Q

Atropine and Scopolamine use

A

-treat GI/urinary conditions
-treat motion sickness
-dilate eyes

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7
Q

Atropine structure

A

-ring
-COO
-ring with Nitrogen bridge

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8
Q

Scopolamine structure

A

-atropine but O bridge near N
-more lipophilic than ATROPINE
-3’ amine

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9
Q

Scopolamine use

A

-motion sickness

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10
Q

Scopolamine side effects

A

-dry mouth
-blurred vision
-sedation
-psychosis

-high CNS access

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11
Q

Homatropine and Tropicamide mech

A

-short-acting
-Tropicamide is shorter acting
-Homatropine less toxic

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12
Q

Homatropine and Tropicamide use

A

-Mydriasis in optical settings
-Cycloplegia

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13
Q

Benztropine and Trihexyphenidyl use

A

-treat parkinsons
-adjunct therapy with L-dopa
-similar potency to atropine

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14
Q

Benztropine structure

A

-3’ amine
-N bridge with methyl group on N

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15
Q

Ipratropium mech

A

-M3 ANTAGONIST
-blocks constriction
-opens airways

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16
Q

Ipratropium use

A

-treat COPD, asthma
-enhances B-agonists in COPD

17
Q

Ipratropium side effects

A

-poor absorption
-toxic dose: hypotension and muscle weakness (ganglionic and neuromuscular blocks)

18
Q

Tiotropium uses

A

-treat GI disorders (spasms/ulcers)
-glycopyrrolate

19
Q

Glycopyrrolate use

A

-pre-op to REDUCE secretions

20
Q

Glycopyrrolate problems

A

-charge N makes crossing gut hard

21
Q

Tolterodine mech

A

-no selectivity
-a lil selective for M3

22
Q

Tolterodine use

A

-overactive bladder

-may lower constipation and confusion

23
Q

Neuromuscular blocking drugs

A

-Tubocurarine
-Succinylcholine
-Botulinum toxin (indirect)

24
Q

Tubocuraine mech

A

-N competitive ANTAgonist

25
Q

Tubocurarine use

A

-skeletal relaxation during anesthesia

26
Q

Succinylcholine mech

A

-Depolarizing blockade
-initially N agonist to initiate depolarization
-persistant depolarization
-rapid onset
-choline increases BP
-paralysis

27
Q

Succinylcholine structure

A

2 ACh

28
Q

succinylcholine use

A

-skeletal muscle relaxant during anesthesia
-electroconvulsant therapy

29
Q

Succinylcholine problems

A

-muscle soreness
-avoid in hyperkalemia (heart failure)
-malignant hypothermia
-prolonged paralysis in ppl with shitty plasma cholinesterase

30
Q

Botulinum Toxin mech

A

-indirect
-inhibits ACh release

31
Q

Botulinum toxin use

A

-dystonia (spasms)
-cerebral palsy
-hyperhidrosis

32
Q

Botulinum toxin problems

A

-spread from injection site

33
Q

Ganglionic blocking drugs

A

-HexamethoniumH

34
Q

Hexamethonium mech

A

-N ANTAGONIST in ANS ganglia
=blocks ALL PSNS and SNS activity

35
Q

Hexamethonium effects

A

-hypotension (SNS)
-decrease sweat (SNS)
-dry mouth
-mydriasis
-constipation
-urinary retention