Chp 1/2

Question 1

intersexual competition

Answer 1

competition between members of the same sex leading to increased access to mates

ex: elephant seals

Question 2

intersexual selection

Answer 2

preferential mate choice- individuals with qualities that are preferred by the opposite sex are more likely to produce

ex: the widowbird

Question 3

Genetic drift

Answer 3

random changes in the genetic makeup of a population

Question 4

mutations

Answer 4

random changes in the DNA

Question 5

Founder effects

Answer 5

small portion of a population that establishes a new colony(the founders are not genetically representative of the entire population)

Question 6

genetic bottlenecks

Answer 6

a small portion of the population survives some catastrophe

Question 7

Evolution is BLANK, and each step is incrementally more advantageous, producing slightly “fitter” organisms

Answer 7

GRADUAL

Question 8

Gregor Mendel

Answer 8

Research with pea plants showed inheritance is particulate

qualities of parents are passed on intact of their offspring in distinct packets called genes

Question 9

the modern synthesis

Answer 9

explaining how genetic variations within a population could lead to evolutionary changes over time

Question 10

Ethology

Answer 10

study of behavior

Question 11

Tinbergen’s analysis of behavior through the 4 why’s

Answer 11

1.) the immediate influence of behavior
2.) Developmental influences
3.) Function
4.) Evolutionary origins

Question 12

form follows function

Answer 12

the properties of an evolved mechanism reflect the structure of the task it evolved to solve

Question 13

direct fitness

Answer 13

survival and reproduction of the individual

Question 14

indirect fitness

Answer 14

survival and reproduction of individuals who share ones genes

Question 15

Inclusive fitness(indirect+direct)

Answer 15

the effects of an individuals actions on the reproductive success of genetic relatives weighted by the degree of genetic relatedness

achieved through kin selection

promoted a genes eye view of evolutionary selective pressures

Question 16

group selection

Answer 16

the idea that adaptations evolved for the benefit of the group as opposed to the benefit of the gene through kin selection

Question 17

Downfall of group selection

Answer 17

unlikely that altruism would be adaptive for unrelated individuals, through cooperative behaviors are adaptive in some cases

Question 18

Williams proposed several clues to probable adaptation

Answer 18

does the feature reliably work in various settings

is there efficiency to the mechanism

is there economy to the mechanism

Question 19

trivers

Answer 19

reciprocal altrusim

parental investment

parent offspring conflict

Question 20

Dawkins

Answer 20

Gene based view of evolution

explained that individual organisms are fleeting, but genes are forever

came up with the idea of memes

Question 21

romanticism fallacy

Answer 21

human nature is peaceful, and society has corrupted it, creating war and conflict