Chapter 3: Combating the Hostile forces of Nature Part 1

Question 1

surviving the hostile forces of nature

Answer 1

food shortages
harsh climate
disease
parasites
predators
other natural hazards

Question 2

basic tastes

Answer 2

sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

Question 3

calorie rich foods

Answer 3

preference for sweet, foods and fatty foods

Question 4

regulation of water in the body

Answer 4

preference for salty foods

Question 5

avoidance of potentially harmful foods

Answer 5

usefulness of detecting bitter and sour flavors

Question 6

detection of necessary amino acids

Answer 6

preference for foods with umami

Question 7

evolved mechanisms to combat natural toxins

Answer 7

gagging
spitting
vomiting
coughing
sneezing

Question 8

antimicrobial hypothesis

evidence

Answer 8

explains why humans use spices

spices kill of inhibit the growth of microorganisms and prevent the production of toxins in food

most widely used spices are the most powerful in killing bacteria

Question 9

the frugivory by product hypothesis

Answer 9

explains why humans drink alcohol

fruits contain high amounts of sugar and ethanol

evidence : primates have been eating fruit for at least 24 million years