Anatomy of the Thyroid and Parathyroid glands(Anatomy) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the anatomical relations of the thyroid gland(3)

A

Anterior:-Infrahyoid muscles, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, omohyoid.
Laterally:- Carotid sheath
Medially:-Organs-Larynx, pharynx, trachea, oesophagus.
:-Nerves- external laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal

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2
Q

Describe the embryological development of the thyroid gland(4)

A

Origins- It originates from the thyroid diverticulum, pouch-like structures that develop from the foramen caecum.
Migration- migrate towards the anterior of the trachea.
Diverticulum transformation- proliferation and differentiation of the diverticulum to become bilobed.
Thyroglossal duct- connects the thyroid gland to the tongue during migration, typically degenerates.

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3
Q

Explain the blood supply process for the thyroid gland

A

Arteries resp are:
Superior thyroid artery:-Arises as the first branch from the external carotid artery.
:-divides into the anterior and posterior branches
:-Supplies the upper part of the gland.
Inferior thyroid artery:-arises from the thyrocervical trunk or subclavian artery.
:-supplies the lower part of the thyroid gland.
Thyroid ima artery:- arises from the brachiocephalic trunk or aortic arch.
:- supplies the isthmus and lower part of the gland.

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4
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

On the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

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5
Q

Which blood vessels supply the parathyroid glands?

A

Branches of the inferior thyroid arteries

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6
Q

Function of the parathyroid glands

A

They are resp for the regulation of calcium and phosphates by secreting PTH which influences bone, kidney and intestinal function.

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7
Q

Describe the embryological development of the parathyroid glands.

A

Superior parathyroid glands
-Derived from the fourth pharyngeal pouch.
-Located in the middle of the posterior boarder of each thyroid lobe.
-Approx 1 cm superior to the entry of the inferior thyroid artery into the thyroid gland.

Inferior parathyroid glands
-Derived from the third pharyngeal pouch.
- location is inconsistent but they are usually found near the inferior poles of the thyroid gland.

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8
Q

Venous drainage of the thyroid gland is made possible by which veins?(3)

A

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

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