lab 12

Question 1

what are the 5 types of WBC?

Answer 1

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes.

Question 2

what are granulocytes?

Answer 2

neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils

Question 3

what are agranulocytes?

Answer 3

monocytes and lymphocytes

Question 4

what is the function and % of a neutrophil?

Answer 4

function-fights pathogenic micro-organisms and foregin matter.
60-70%

Question 5

what is the function and % of a eosinophil?

Answer 5

function- respond to allergies and fight multicellular parasites.
2-4%

Question 6

what is the function and % of a basophil?

Answer 6

function- involved in allergic reactions releasing heparin and histamine to enhance inflammatory response.
.05-1%

Question 7

what is the function and % of a lymphocyte?

Answer 7

function- produce antibodies for immune responses.
20-25%

Question 8

what is the function and % of a monocyte?

Answer 8

function- phagocytic macrophages as they enter infected tissues they can engulf large particles

Question 9

what is hematocrit?

Answer 9

the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.

Question 10

what is the normal hematocrit % of a female? male?

Answer 10

female- 38-46%
male- 40-54%

Question 11

what is the normal hemoglobin measurement in female? male?

Answer 11

female- 12-16 g/100ml
male- 13.5-18 g/100ml

Question 12

what is the normal RBC count of female versus male?

Answer 12

female- 3.9-5.6 million per cubic millimetre.
male- 4.5-6.5 mill per cubic millimeter.

Question 13

what is the normal WBC?

Answer 13

between 5k-10k cells per cubic millimeter of blood

Question 14

what is leukocytosis? leukopenia?

Answer 14

more than 10k WBC
less than 5k WBC

Question 15

what is anemia?

Answer 15

a deficiency number of RBC or decreased content of hemoglobin in blood. can be caused by iron deficiency or sickle cell. this can result in less oxygen getting to tissues

Question 16

what is polycythemia?

Answer 16

condition where you have above normal amount of RBC in your blood. this can be caused by living at high altitudes or red marrow malignancy

Question 17

what is the transfusion rule?

Answer 17

the recipients antibodies must NOT match the donors antigens, and vice versa

Question 18

what is the layers of the walls of arteries?

Answer 18

-tunica interna, single layer of endothelial cells. ( in large arteries theres also elastica interna)
-tunica media, smooth musc and elastic fibres.
tunica externa, fibrous CT and fat cells. ( in large arteries theres also elastica externa)

Question 19

what are the layers of the walls of veins?

Answer 19

-tunica interna, layer of endothelial cells
-tunica media, smooth musc
-tunica externa, loose fibrous CT w fat cells

Question 20

whats the pathway of blood through the heart?

Answer 20

Blood comes into the right atrium from the body, moves into the right ventricle and is pushed into the pulmonary arteries in the lungs. After picking up oxygen, the blood travels back to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the left atrium, to the left ventricle and out to the body’s tissues through the aorta.

Question 21

what is the function of placenta?

Answer 21

provides nutrient and oxygen to the baby

Question 22

which three blood vessels travel through the umbilical cord?

Answer 22

2 umbilical arteries, which have low oxygen blood,
and one umbilical vein, which has oxygen rich blood for baby

Question 23

what is ductus venosus?

Answer 23

allows oxygenated blood in the umbilical vein to bypass the liver and sends it directly to the inferior vena cava in babies

Question 24

what is foramen ovale?

Answer 24

an opening between the right atrium and left atrium that allows blood to get from R atrium to L atrium.

Question 25

what is ductus arteriosus?

Answer 25

a small blood vessel that connects pulmonary trunk to aorta and succeeds in channeling most of the blood away from the pulmonary circulation