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a&p lab > lab 15 > Flashcards

lab 15 Flashcards

1
Q

trace the pathway of urine through the urinary system?

A

glomerulus
bowmans capsule
proximal convoluted tubule
descending limb
loop of henle
ascending limb
distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
renal papilla
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
uter
bladder
urethra

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2
Q

name the three processes involved in urine formation and provide definitions for these processes

A

glomerular filtration- begins w blood entering the globerular capillaries where its under a lot of pressure. seperates materials based on size in relation to pores of filtration mem.
tubular reabsorption- occurs as the filtrate flows through the renal tubules. the process of reabsorbing materials the body needs like glucose or water.
secretion- process where substances enter filtrate from blood in peritubular capillaries and it allows waste and other things to leave the body in urine.

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3
Q

what is ADH?

A

promotes reabsorption of water thats filtered out of blood. helps prevent wide swings in water balance and prevent dehydration.
produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by posterior pituitary gland.

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4
Q

what is aldosterone?

A

produced by adrenal gland cortex and helps to maintain the sodium and potassium concentration, stimulates reabsorption of sodium ions and water and promotes potassium exceretion

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5
Q

what is the pH range of blood?

A

4.8-7.5

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6
Q

what does it mean if glucose is found in urine?

A

indicates diabetes

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7
Q

what does it mean if protein is found in urine?

A

indicates glomerulonephritis or severe hypertension
can occur during pregnancy

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8
Q

what does it mean if blood is found in urine?

A

caused by glomerular infection, physical trauma, tumors, kidney stones, or burns

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9
Q

what does it mean if nitrites is found in urine?

A

indicates a bladder infection

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10
Q

what is specific gravity?

A

the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of distilled water

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11
Q

an increase in water in the urine causes what to happen to specific gravity?

A

decreases specific gravity

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12
Q

what is specific gravity of water? urine?

A

w- 1.0
u- 1.005 - 1.030

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13
Q

what is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

stimulates thyroid gland and its hormones

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14
Q

what is adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)

A

stimulates the cortex of the adrenal glands and controls secretion of epinephrine and cortisol

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15
Q

what is follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

controls growth and functioning of gonads, initiates maturing in the ovaries and testis

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16
Q

what is lutenizing hormone (LH)

A

promotes production of gonadal hormones, triggers ovulation and acts of leydig cells to secrete testostrone

17
Q

what is growth hormone (GH)

A

made in the anterior pituitary gland,
promotes growth of tissues in the body.

18
Q

what is prolactin (PRL)

A

stimulates milk production in mammary glands

19
Q

what is oxytocin?

A

produced in the hypothalamus but secreted by posterior pitutitary gland, stimulates smooth musc contractions in uterus, stimulates milk ejection, in males it plays a role in sexual arousal

20
Q

what is thyroxine and triiodothyroxine (T3 and T4)

A

produced by follicular cells in thyroid gland,
regulate metabolism by stimulating glucose oxidation which increases metabolic rate and body heat

21
Q

what is calcitonin?

A

produced by parafollicular cells of thyroid gland,
lowers blood calcium levels by taking blood calcium anf sending it to bones to make healthy bones, more prevelent in childhood

22
Q

what are the layer of the adrenal gland superior to deep?

A

capsule, cortex, medulla

23
Q

what hormone does the adrenal cortex produce

A

corticosteroids that are synthesized from cholesterol

24
Q

what are the three zones of the adrenal cortex superior to inferior?

A

zona glomerulosa
zona fasiculata
zona reticularis

25
Q

what are mineralcorticoid?

A

produced by zona glomerulosa,
affects mineral concentration in the body

26
Q

what are glucocorticiods?

A

produced by zona fasciculata,
mainly cortisol
fights stress, increases glucose metabolism and prevents inflammation

27
Q

what are adrenal sex hormones, androgens?

A

produced by zona reticularis,
makes pubic hair
sex drive

28
Q

what is epinephrine and norepinephrine?

A

produced by adrenal medulla,
made in stressful situations, flight or fight.
controlled by sympathetic nerv sys.
norepinephrine is local to brain

29
Q

what is insulin?

A

produced in the pancreas,
lowers blood glucose levels by releasing beta cells, converting glucose from blood into gylcogen or fat to lower blood glucose level

30
Q

what is glucagon?

A

produced in the pancreas,
raises blood glucose levels by releasing alpha cells, converting liver glycogen and fats into glucose which is released into blood

31
Q

where are the majority of nephrons found?

A

renal cortex

32
Q
A

a&p lab (16 decks)

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