ORPTH ADONS SPRD of Orl Infx Flashcards
- Phlegmon is also known as
(a) Osteomyelitis
(b) Cellulitis
(c) Diabetes
(d) Abscess
(b) Cellulitis refers to a diffuse inflammation of soft tissues
which is not localized or confined to one area, but which
in contrast with an abscess spreads through tissue spaces
and along fascial planes
- Infections arising in maxilla perforate the outer cortical plate of
bone above _______ muscle.
(a) Buccinator
(b) Orbicularis oris
(c) Masseter
(d) Lateral pterygoid
(a) Infections arising in maxilla perforate the outer cortical plate
of bone above the attachment of buccinator muscle and
produce swelling initially of the upper half of face. Later,
however, the diffuse spread involves the entire face
- Cellulitis spreads as a result of infection by microorganisms that
liberate streptokinase, fibrinolysins and _______.
(a) Chondroitin sulfate
(b) Heparan sulfate
(c) Hyaluronic acid
(d) Hyaluronidase
(d) Cellulitis spreads due to infection by microorganisms that
liberate streptokinase (enzyme that activates plasminogen
to form plasmin), hyaluronidase (enzyme that breaks down
hyaluronic acid, i.e. an intercellular cementing substance)
and fibrinolysins (enzyme that breaks down fibrin).
- Tissue spaces are potential spaces located between
(a) Tendons
(b) Muscles
(c) Fascia
(d) Ligaments
(c) Tissue spaces are potential spaces located between the
planes of fascia that form natural pathways along which
the infection may spread producing cellulitis or become
localized resulting in formation of an abscess
- Pterygomandibular space infection arises as a result of extension
of infection in ________ region.
(a) Mandibular 3rd molar
(b) Mandibular 2nd molar
(c) Mandibular canine
(d) Maxillary tuberosity
(a) Infections of the pterygomandibular space usually arise
through extension from a pericoronitis of a mandibular third molar and can also occur in case of injection of local
anesthetic solution into this space.
- Buccal space is bounded posteriorly by ______ muscle.
(a) Zygomaticus major
(b) Zygomaticus minor
(c) Anterior edge of masseter
(d) Lateral pterygoid
(c) Buccal space is bounded medially by buccinator muscle and
its covering fascia, laterally by skin and subcutaneous tissue,
anteriorly by posterior border of zygomaticus major muscle
and posteriorly by the anterior edge of masseter muscle.
- Inferior portion of _______ space is called as pterygomandibular
space.
(a) Buccal
(b) Temporal
(c) Infratemporal
(d) Masseteric
(c) Inferior portion of the infratemporal space is considered as
the pterygomandibular space and lies between the lateral
pterygoid muscle and ramus of mandible.
- The pterygomandibular space abscess must be distinguished
from the _______ space.
(a) Peritonsillar
(b) Infratemporal
(c) Retropharyngeal
(d) Submasseteric
(c) Pterygomandibular space abscess can be distinguished from
the peritonsillar abscess by the fact that there is no dental
involvement and less of trismus in peritonsillar abscess.
- Lateral pharyngeal space infections have the potential to spread
upward through ________ and cause cavernous sinus thrombosis,
meningitis and brain abscess.
(a) Various foramina at base of skull
(b) External carotid artery
(c) Internal carotid artery
(d) Submandibular space
(a) Source of infection of lateral pharyngeal space is usually a
third molar or sometimes a second molar particularly by
the way of submandibular space. Infections is this space
have the potential to spread upward through foramina at
base of skull, posteriorly into retropharyngeal
space or by
direct extension into the mediastinum.
- Mediastinitis results from downward extension of ______ space
infection.
(a) Retropharyngeal
(b) Lateral pharyngeal
(c) Infratemporal
(d) Pterygomandibular
(a) Downward extension of retropharyngeal infection can result
in mediastinitis. Additionally, it may also cause thrombosis
of internal jugular vein and erosion of internal carotid artery
resulting in fatal hemorrhage
- Infection in the parotid space reaches as a backward extension
along the parotid duct or from ______ space.
(a) Retropharyngeal
(b) Buccal
(c) Infratemporal
(d) Lateral pharyngeal
(d) Infection in the parotid space reaches the parotid gland in
a retrograde direction along the parotid duct or also as an
extension from the lateral pharyngeal space. Infection can
also spread to the temporal space.
- The lateral pharyngeal space is bounded laterally by
(a) Carotid sheath
(b) External carotid artery
(c) Internal carotid artery
(d) External jugular vein
(a) Lateral pharyngeal space is bounded anteriorly by
buccopharyngeal aponeurosis parotid gland and pterygoid
muscles, posteriorly by prevertebral fascia, medially by the
lateral wall of pharynx and laterally by the carotid sheath
- ______ forms the posterior boundary of the submasseteric
space.
(a) Parotid gland
(b) Submandibular salivary gland
(c) Sublingual salivary gland
(d) Anterior ramus
(a) Submasseteric space is located between the masseter
muscle and lateral surface of ramus of mandible. This space
is bounded anteriorly by retromolar fossa and posteriorly
by the parotid gland
- Infection of submasseteric space usually arises from
(a) Mandibular 1st molar
(b) Mandibular 3rd molar
(c) Parotid space
(d) Buccal space
(b) The infection of submasseteric space usually arises from
the mandibular third molar, passing through the retromolar
fossa into this space. There is severe trismus, pain and facial
swelling.
- The submaxillary or submandibular space is bounded laterally
by
(a) Carotid fascia
(b) Skin and superficial fascia
(c) Mylohyoid muscle
(d) Omohyoid
(b) The submandibular space is located medial to mandible
and below the posterior portion of mylohyoid muscle and
encloses the submandibular salivary gland and lymph
nodes. It is bounded medially by hyoglossus and digastric
muscles and laterally by skin and superficial fascia