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15.1 Flashcards

1
Q

In the eye is parasympathic or sympathetic responsible for pupil size decreasing?

A

Parasympathetic

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2
Q

In the eye is parasympathic or sympathetic responsible for pupil size increasing?

A

Sympathetic

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3
Q

Which part of the eye contains the photosensitive neural layer of the eye?

A

The Retina

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4
Q

Rods or Cones

Dim light, peripheral vison receptors

A

rods

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5
Q

Rods or cones

vision receptors for bright light

A

cones

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6
Q

rods or cones

more numerous and more sensitive to light

A

rods

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7
Q

no color vision or sharp images

A

rods

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8
Q

high resolution color vision

A

cones

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9
Q

Numbers greatest at periphery

A

rods

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10
Q

Outer segment of photoreceptors are made of..

A

flattened plasma membrane

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11
Q

What is the term for the light sensitive molecule

A

chromophore

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12
Q

WHat is protein plus vitamin A dervived chromophore

A

Rhodopsin

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13
Q

Term for when a single photon (light particle) that causes entire protein to change shape

A

Isomerized

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14
Q

What is retinal originally derived from

A

B carotene

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15
Q

In retinal synthesis what happens after its isomertized by light

A

must be recycled by multi step enzymatic process that occurs partly in photoreceptor cells and partily in support (pigmented) cells

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16
Q

Which part of the eye contains mostly cones

A

macula

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17
Q

Which part of the eye contains all cones

A

Fovea centralis

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18
Q

Which part of the eye is responsible for the best vision

A

Fovea Centralis

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19
Q

Where is the cone density highest in

A

central vision

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20
Q

Which type of vision is rod density the greatest

A

peripheral vision

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21
Q

What is the cause of Glaucoma

A

pressure and pinching of the optic nerve

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22
Q

Which eye disease is caused by blocked drainage of aqueous humor increases pressure and causes compression of retina and optic nerve which eventually leads to blindness

A

Glaucoma

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23
Q

Clouding of the eye is referred to as

A

Cataracts

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24
Q

What eye disease is caused by crystalline proteins clump

25
Why do cataracts prevent eyesight
light cannot travel through the lens as well
26
Which is worse wet or dry AMD?
Wet
27
The fovea centralis is the center of what
macula
28
Rhodopsin is made from what
a G Protein Coupled Receptor
29
What are the four cells that vision works through
Photoreceptor to Bipolar to Retinal Ganglion to Brain
30
Do rods or cones have high sensitivity and function in dim light
rods
31
Do rods or cones have high acuity
Cones
32
Are there more rods or cones?
rods
33
Are rods or cones in peripheral retina
rods
34
Are rods or cones mostly in central retina
cones
35
B Carotene is involved in which process
Pigment synthesis
36
Isomerization is also known as
photoactivation
37
Enzymatic Regeneration is done where
partly in Retinal Pigment Epithelium cells
38
In phototransduction iare ion channels open or closed in response to light
closed
39
What are the five steps in phototransduction
light, receptor, g protein, enzyme and 2nd messenger
40
What are G Proteins powered by
GTP
41
In the dark are CNG channels open or closed
open
42
In the light are photorecepters on or off
off
43
In the light are CNG channels open or closed
closed
44
In the dark are photoreceptors on or off
on
45
In the dark when is GABA released
Constantly
46
In the light when is GABA released
Never
47
In the dark is the bipolar cell on or off
off
48
In the light are the biopolar cells on or off
on
49
In the dark are the Retinal Ganglion cells on or off
off
50
In the light are retinal ganglion cell on or off
on
51
What does the ciliary muscle do
changes the shape of the lens
52
how does the ciliary muscle change the shape of the lens
contraction looses the ciliary zonule fibers and relation tightens them
53
WHat shape is the lens in for distant vison
flat
54
What shape is the lens in for close vision
bulges
55
myopic is the term for
nearsighted
56
hyperopic eye is a term for
farsighted
57
myopic or nearsighted is because the eyeball is what
too long
58
What does intrinsically photosensitive do
signals directly to circadian centers
59
Which color eye has the most melanin
brown

A&P (16 decks)

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