Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

A&P > Exam 4 Group work and review questions > Flashcards

Exam 4 Group work and review questions Flashcards

1
Q

What does “thoracolumbar” mean?

A

Thoracic lumber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

rest and digest

A

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

fight or flight

A

sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

ACh

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

Noepinephrine/ epinephrine

A

sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

Thoracolumber

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

short postganglionic neuron

A

parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

Cholinergic postganglionic neuron

A

sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

White and Grey Ramus

A

sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

Craniosacral

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

Vagus Nerve

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

Visceral Reflex Arc

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

Increases blood flow to muscles and away from intestines

A

Sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

non-myelinated post ganglionic neuron

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Choose Sympathetic (S), Parasympathetic (P), or Both (B):

Ganglia are located within target organs

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nicotinic Receptors

Located on target tissues or postganglionic neurons?

A

Target tissues- muscle- adrenal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nicotinic Receptors

Neurotransmiter;

A

ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Nicotinic Receptors

sympathetic, parasympathetic or both?

A

Both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

Located on target tissues or postganglionic neurons?

A

Smooth muscles, glands, cardiac muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Muscarinic receptors

neurontransmitter:

A

Ach –> G-Protein Coupled Receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Muscarinic Receptors

s, p or both?

A

Parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Alpha adrenergic receptors

located on target tissues or postganglionic neurons

A

target tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Alpha adrenergic receptors

neurotransmitter:

A

norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Alpha adrenergic receptors

s, p or both

A

sympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Beta adrenergic receptors | target tissues or postganglionic neurons?
Target tissues
26
Beta adrenergic receptors | neurotransmitter:
norepinephrine
27
Beta adrenergic receptors | s, p or both
sympathetic
28
Will activation muscarinic ACh receptors located on the heart cause increased or decreased heart rate?
Decrease
29
Why are nAch receptors sucha good target for toxins?
found in muscle so it eliminates fight or flight
30
Which drug would you give a patient to reduce painful swelling (agonist or antagonist)
agonist- reduce swelling
31
Which drug to lower blood pressure (Agonist or antagonist?)
Antagonist- lowers blood pressure
32
Which neurotransmitter and receptor type mediates pupillary dilation?
parasympathetic, ACh
33
Which neurotransmitter and receptor type mediates pupillary constriction?
Sympathetic; Norepinhrine, epinephrine
34
What is the purpose of disc shape in outer segment?
Increases surface area
35
Rhodopsin=_______+______
Protein (opsin) + Vitamin A- Derived Chromophore (retinal)
36
Classify as Central or Peripheral: | Highest concentration of rods
Peripheral
37
Classify as Central or Peripheral: Highest concentration of cones
Central
38
Classify as Central or Peripheral: Which is affected by Macular degeneration?
Central
39
Which photoreceptor dominates black/white vision?
Rods
40
Which photoreceptor functions only in color vision?
Cones
41
Why is it more difficult to indetify the color of an object when in low light contions, even when there's enough light to clearly indentify the object?
Cones are less sensitive than rods
42
Nearsighted is referred to as
myopia
43
Transduction is ____
G- Protein
44
Phosphodiesterase cleaves ______ to yield ________
cGMP; GMP
45
Write the change that occurs in each molecule when going from Dark ---> Light: Retinal (_____ to ______isomer)
off to on; changes shape
46
Write the change that occurs in each molecule when going from Dark ---> Light: Transducin (_____ Bound to ____ bound)
GTP Bound to GMP Bound
47
``` Write the change that occurs in each molecule when going from Dark ---> Light: PDE is (____ to____) on and off ```
on to off
48
Write the change that occurs in each molecule when going from Dark ---> Light: CNG channel _____ to ____
open to close
49
Write the change that occurs in each molecule when going from Dark ---> Light: Bipolar ____to_____
inhibited to activated
50
Write the change that occurs in each molecule when going from Dark ---> Light: Retinal Ganglion Cell ____ to ____
off to on
51
The _______ muscle controls Ffocus and the ___ muscle controls brightness
ciliary muscle, iris
52
Classify each as Olfaction, Gustation, or both: Chemoreceptors
both
53
Classify each as Olfaction, Gustation, or both: detects airborne molecules
olfactory
54
Classify each as Olfaction, Gustation, or both: receptors expressed in neurons
olfactory
55
Classify each as Olfaction, Gustation, or both: Umami
Gustation
56
Classify each as Olfaction, Gustation, or both: Receptors are ligand-gated ion channels
both
57
Classify each as Olfaction, Gustation, or both: Receptors are GPCRs
gustation
58
Classify each as Olfaction, Gustation, or both: cAMP involved
Olfactory
59
Which enzyme cleaves cAMP?
Pyrophosphate
60
Which enzyme makes cAMP?
Adenylate cyclase
61
Gusatory detection of H+ is called "_____" taste.
Sour
62
Gusatory detection of sucrose is called "_____" taste
sweet
63
Gustatory detection of Na+ is called "____" taste
salty
64
Gustatory detection of glutamate is called "____" taste.
Umami
65
Gustatory detection of quinine/ caffeine is called "____" taste
Bitter
66
The scala media endolymph has unusually ______ levels of K+
high
67
Cochlear implants are useful in treating ____ deafness but not ______ deafness
sensorineural but not conductive
68
What are the three main parts of the inner ear?
semicircular, vestibule and cochlea
69
Which two parts of the inner ear are responsible for hearing?
semicircular canal, vestibule
70
Which of the inner ear parts is responsible for hearing?
Cochlea
71
Which feature of the sine wave encodes pitch
wavelength
72
Which feature of the sine wave encodes loudness
height or amplitude
73
Rotational (angular) acceleration is mediated by _______.
semicircular canals
74
Linear acceleration is mediated by ________.
vestibules
75
The __________ _________ has short, stiff fibers near the oval window, and long, floppy fibers near the helicotrema
Basliar membrane
76
For each G-protein, name which enzyme is stimulated or inhibited (and indicate inhibition or stimulation) G i
Ac- inhibits
77
For each G-protein, name which enzyme is stimulated or inhibited (and indicate inhibition or stimulation) G s
Ac stimulate
78
For each G-protein, name which enzyme is stimulated or inhibited (and indicate inhibition or stimulation) Q q
Phospholipase
79
Which two hormones have intracellular receptors?
GPCR and cAMP
80
Growth hormone release hormone acts on cells to induce growth hormone release. Which type of reulation is this?
Hormoral
81
What does anabolic and catabolic mean?
anabolic- build up | Catabolic- tear down
82
If thyrotropin-release hormone (TRH) is hypersecreted, would this cause a goiter or exophthalmos?
exophthalmous
83
Which 2 hormones (1 hypothalamic & 1 pituitary) are regulated by feedback from blood levels of thyroid hormones (TH)?
TRH and TSH
84
Why is this feedback harmful in the case of hypothyroidism that is caused by iodine deficiency?
creates goiter
85
Why is this feedback ineffective in Grave’s disease?
Activates thyroid receptors
86
TH levels in the fed-state are expected to be ______ than in the fasted-state. (higher or lower?)
higher
87
Leptin levels in the fed-state are expected to be ______ than in the fasted-state. (higher or lower?)
higher
88
________ is the name of the full-length protein (and the gene) that is the precursor to TH production.
throglobui
89
_______ is the more bioactive form of TH.
T3
90
TH is secreted by ______ cells of the thyroid.
follicular
91
Which hormone is responsible for high bllod pressure due to Na retension
mineralcorticoroids- aldosterone
92
Which hormone is responsible for high blood pressure due to elevated blood glucose levels
Gluconeogensis, glucocorticoids, cortisol
93
Which hormone is responsible for insomnia
Glucocorticoids- cortisol
94
Which hormone is responsible for beard growth
Glucocorticords-testosterone and estrogens-androgens
95
Which of the above symptoms is counteracted by atrial natriuretic peptide action?
high blood pressure due to Na retenion
96
Adrenocorticosteroids are ________-based. (protein or cholesterol?)
Cholesterol
97
What happens if there is too much ADH secretion? (describe effect on bladder & blood pressure)
cause blood pressure to go up
98
Which hypothalamic hormone, when hypersecreted, causes dwarfism?
Too little Growth Hormone
99
Compare/Contrast the roles of oxytocin & prolactin in breastfeeding.
Prolactin- production of milk | Oxytocin- Milk Release
100
Compare/Contrast the roles of FSH & LH in reproductive system.
fsh- stimulates production of eggs and sperm | LH- stimulates progesterone and estrogen and testosterone
101
Which hormone stimulates breakdown of bone?
PTH
102
Which hormone can lower blood Ca2+?
Calcitonin
103
Pancreatic _______ cells secrete the hormone _________, which lowers blood glucose.
Beta cells, insulin
104
Pancreatic _______ cells secrete the hormone _________, which raises blood glucose.
Alpha cells, glucagon
105
Leptin may help to (raise or lower?) blood glucose levels in mice?
lower

A&P (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions