hormones 25

Question 1

What are the two chemical classes of hormones?

Answer 1

Lipid soluble - hydrophobic
or water soluble - hydrophilic

Question 2

What kind of hormones are lipid soluble?

Answer 2

Steroids eg testosterone, oestrogens, thyroid hormones and nitric oxide.

Question 3

what kind of hormones are water soluble?

Answer 3

Amines, peptides, proteins, eicosanoids.

Question 4

prostaglandins and leukotrienes, act locally as hormones in most tissues of body so little found in blood.

Answer 4

They are released by virtually all cells.

Question 5

are hormones slower or faster than nerve responses?

Answer 5

Slower.

Question 7

Describe prostaglandins.

Answer 7

Smooth muscle, blood flow, promote fever, intensify pain etc.

Question 8

Describe leukotrienes.

Answer 8

Stimulate WBC movement and mediate inflammation.

Question 9

What is the relationship between aspirin and ibuprofen and prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis?

Answer 9

Aspirin & ibuprofen inhibit prostaglandin synthesis but don’t affect leukotriene synthesis.

Question 10

What type of soluble hormone produces a second messenger called ‘Cyclic AMP’?

Answer 10

Water soluble hormone (hydrophilic)

Question 11

How are hormones secreted?

Answer 11

In short bursts.

Question 12

What are the secretion of hormones controlled by?

Answer 12

Negative feedback.

Question 13

How are hormone secretions regulated?

Answer 13

Signals from nervous system,
chemical changes in blood,
other hormones.

Question 14

Name some endocrine disorders.

Answer 14

Acromegaly - excessive GH in adults.
pituitary dwarfism - low levels of GH in children.
pituitary giantism - excessive GH levels in children.
Diabetes - insufficient insulin, type 1& 2.
Goitre - insufficient iodine, excessive thyroxine.
Hyperthyroidism - (graves disease) excessive thyroxine - goitre.
Hyperthyroidism - (myxoedema) insufficient thyroxine.